Difference between revisions of "Linux Tools"

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=== Command Line ===
 
=== Command Line ===
−
    '''apropos''' – search the manual page names and descriptions
+
    '''<code>apropos</code>''' – search the manual page names and descriptions
  
−
    '''clear''' – clear the terminal screen
+
    '''<code>clear</code>''' – clear the terminal screen
  
−
    '''echo''' – display a line of text
+
    '''<code>code</code>''' – launch Visual Studio Code (macOS)
  
−
    '''help''' – list of shell commands
+
    '''<code>echo</code>''' – display a line of text
  
−
    '''history''' – track input from the user a line at a time
+
    '''<code>help</code>''' – list of shell commands
  
−
    '''info''' – read the info documents
+
    '''<code>history</code>''' – track input from the user a line at a time
  
−
    '''man''' – interface to the on-line reference manuals
+
    '''<code>info</code>''' – read the info documents
  
−
    '''scrot''' – command line screen capture utility
+
    '''<code>man</code>''' – interface to the on-line reference manuals
  
−
    '''whatis''' – display one-line manual page descriptions
+
    '''<code>say</code>''' – convert text to audible speech
 +
 
 +
    '''<code>scrot</code>''' – command line screen capture utility
 +
 
 +
    '''<code>whatis</code>''' – display one-line manual page descriptions
  
 
=== File and Directory Management ===
 
=== File and Directory Management ===
−
    '''alias''' – define or display aliases
+
    '''<code>alias</code>''' – define or display aliases
 +
 
 +
    '''<code>cd</code>''' – change the current directory
  
−
    '''cd''' – change the current directory
+
    '''<code>chown</code>''' – change file owner and group
  
−
    '''chown''' – change file owner and group
+
    '''<code>cp</code>''' – copy files and directories
  
−
    '''cp''' – copy files and directories
+
    '''<code>dd</code>''' – convert and copy a file
  
−
    '''dd''' – convert and copy a file
+
    '''<code>dir</code>''' – list directory contents
  
−
    '''dir''' – list directory contents
+
    '''<code>file</code>''' – determine file type
  
−
    '''file''' – determine file type
+
    '''<code>git</code>''' – fast, scalable, distributed revision control system
  
−
    '''git''' – fast, scalable, distributed revision control system
+
    '''<code>ls</code>''' – list directory contents
  
−
    '''ls''' – list directory contents
+
    '''<code>mkdir</code>''' – make directories
  
−
    '''mkdir''' – make directories
+
    '''<code>mv</code>''' – move (rename) files
  
−
    '''mv''' – move (rename) files
+
    '''<code>pwd</code>''' – print working directory
  
−
    '''pwd''' – print working directory
+
    '''<code>rm</code>''' – remove files or directories
  
−
    '''rm''' – remove files or directories
+
    '''<code>scp</code>''' – secure copy
  
−
    '''scp''' – secure copy
+
    '''<code>touch</code>''' – change file timestamps
  
−
    '''touch''' – change file timestamps
+
    '''<code>which</code>''' – locate a program file in the user's path
  
 
=== File Editing ===
 
=== File Editing ===
−
    '''awk''' – pattern scanning and text processing language
+
    '''<code>awk</code>''' – pattern scanning and text processing language
  
−
    '''cut''' – remove sections from each line of files
+
    '''<code>cut</code>''' – remove sections from each line of files
  
−
    '''expand''' – convert tabs to spaces
+
    '''<code>geany</code>''' – [https://www.geany.org/ a small and lightweight IDE (Raspberry Pi)]
  
−
    '''geany''' – a small and lightweight IDE  (Raspberry Pi)
+
    '''<code>gzip</code>''' – compress or expand files
  
−
    '''gzip''' – compress or expand files
+
    '''<code>nano</code>''' – Nano's ANOther editor, an enhanced free Pico clone
  
−
    '''nano''' – Nano's ANOther editor, an enhanced free Pico clone
+
    '''<code>open</code>''' – open files and directories
  
−
    '''scratch''' – easy to use interactive programming environment  (Raspberry Pi)
+
    '''<code>pandoc</code>''' – [https://pandoc.org/ universal document converter]
  
−
    '''sed''' – stream editor
+
    '''<code>scratch</code>''' – [https://scratch.mit.edu/ easy to use interactive programming environment (Raspberry Pi)]
  
−
    '''tar''' – manipulate tape archives
+
    '''<code>sed</code>''' – stream editor
  
−
    '''vim''' – Vi IMproved, a programmers text editor
+
    '''<code>tar</code>''' – manipulate tape archives
  
−
=== File Transfer ===
+
    '''<code>unzip</code>''' – list, test and extract compressed files in a ZIP archive
−
    '''curl''' – transfer a URL
 
  
−
    '''wget''' – non-interactive download of files
+
    '''<code>vim</code>''' – Vi IMproved, a programmers text editor
  
−
=== File Viewing ===
+
===File Transfer===
−
    '''cat''' – concatenate and print files
+
    '''<code>curl</code>''' – transfer a URL
  
−
    '''diff''' – compare 2 files line by line
+
    '''<code>wget</code>''' – non-interactive download of files
  
−
    '''find''' – search for files in a directory hierarchy
+
===File Viewing===
 +
    '''<code>cat</code>''' – concatenate and print files
  
−
    '''grep''' – print lines that match patterns
+
    '''<code>diff</code>''' – compare 2 files line by line
  
−
    '''head''' – output the first part of files
+
    '''<code>find</code>''' – search for files in a directory hierarchy
  
−
    '''less''' – opposite of more
+
    '''<code>grep</code>''' – print lines that match patterns
  
−
    '''more''' – page through text one screenful at a time
+
    '''<code>head</code>''' – output the first part of files
  
−
    '''tail''' – output the last part of files
+
    '''<code>jq</code>''' – [https://jqlang.github.io/jq/ lightweight and flexible command-line JSON processor]
  
−
    '''wc''' – word counts, and line and byte counts
+
    '''<code>less</code>''' – opposite of more
  
−
    '''zgrep''' – search compressed files
+
    '''<code>look</code>''' – display lines beginning with a given string
  
−
=== Math Functions ===
+
    '''<code>more</code>''' – page through text one screenful at a time
−
    '''bc''' – basic calculator
 
  
−
    '''dc''' – RPN “Desktop Calculator”
+
    '''<code>tail</code>''' – output the last part of files
  
−
    '''log''' – natural logarithmic function
+
    '''<code>wc</code>''' – word counts, and line and byte counts
  
−
    '''mathematica''' – open the app (Raspberry Pi)
+
    '''<code>zgrep</code>''' – search compressed files
  
−
    '''sin''' – sine function
+
===Math Functions===
 +
    '''<code>bc</code>''' – basic calculator
  
−
=== Network Config ===
+
    '''<code>dc</code>''' – RPN “Desktop Calculator”
−
    '''ifconfig''' – configure network interface parameters
 
  
−
    '''ss''' – utility to investigate sockets
+
    '''<code>log</code>''' – natural logarithmic function
  
−
    '''ssh''' – OpenSSH SSH client (remote login program)  
+
    '''<code>mathematica</code>''' – [https://www.wolfram.com/raspberry-pi/ open the app (Raspberry Pi)]
  
−
=== Network Monitoring ===
+
    '''<code>sin</code>''' – sine function
−
    '''ping''' – send ICMP ECHO_REQUEST packets to network hosts
 
  
−
    '''nc''' – arbitrary TCP and UDP connections and listens
+
===Network Config===
 +
    '''<code>ifconfig</code>''' – configure network interface parameters
  
−
    '''netstat''' – show network status
+
    '''<code>ss</code>''' – utility to investigate sockets
  
−
    '''traceroute''' – print the route packets take to network host
+
    '''<code>ssh</code>''' – OpenSSH SSH client (remote login program)
  
−
=== Package Management ===
+
===Network Monitoring===
−
    '''apt-get''' – APT package handling utility
+
    '''<code>ping</code>''' – send ICMP ECHO_REQUEST packets to network hosts
  
−
    '''apt''' – APT package handling utility
+
    '''<code>nc</code>''' – arbitrary TCP and UDP connections and listens
  
−
    '''dnf''' – Fedora, successor to YUM
+
    '''<code>netstat</code>''' – show network status
  
−
    '''dpkg''' – package manager for Debian
+
    '''<code>traceroute</code>''' – print the route packets take to network host
  
−
    '''homebrew''' – for macOS or Linux
+
===Package Managers ===
 +
    '''<code>apt</code>''' – APT package handling utility
  
−
    '''rpm''' – Red Hat and CentOS
+
    '''<code>apt-get</code>''' – APT package handling utility
  
−
    '''snap''' – for Ubuntu
+
    '''<code>dnf</code>''' – for Fedora, (successor to YUM)
  
−
    '''yum''' – Yellowdog Updater Modified (Fedora)
+
    '''<code>dpkg</code>''' – for Debian
  
−
    '''zypper''' – for OpenSUSE
+
    '''<code>homebrew</code>''' – for macOS or Linux
  
−
=== Process Management ===
+
    '''<code>rpm</code>''' – for Red Hat and CentOS
−
    '''bg''' – run a job/process in the background
 
  
−
    '''fg''' – run a job/process in the foreground
+
    '''<code>snap</code>''' – for Ubuntu
  
−
    '''halt''' – halt, power-off or reboot the machine
+
    '''<code>yum</code>''' – for Fedora (Yellowdog Updater Modified)
  
−
    '''htop''' – human readable table of processes
+
    '''<code>zypper</code>''' – for OpenSUSE
  
−
    '''jobs''' – list all jobs; active, stopped, or otherwise
+
=== Process Management===
 +
    '''<code>bg</code>''' – run a job/process in the background
  
−
    '''kill''' – terminate or signal a process
+
    '''<code>fg</code>''' – run a job/process in the foreground
  
−
    '''killall''' – kill processes by name
+
    '''<code>halt</code>''' – halt, power-off or reboot the machine
  
−
    '''ps''' – process status
+
    '''<code>htop</code>''' – human readable table of processes
  
−
    '''pstree''' – display a tree of processes
+
    '''<code>jobs</code>''' – list all jobs; active, stopped, or otherwise
  
−
    '''reboot''' – halt, power-off or reboot the machine
+
    '''<code>kill</code>''' – terminate or signal a process
  
−
    '''shutdown''' – halt, power-off or reboot the machine
+
    '''<code>killall</code>''' – kill processes by name
  
−
    '''sudo''' – execute a command as another user
+
    '''<code>ps</code>''' – process status
  
−
    '''tmux''' – terminal multiplexer
+
    '''<code>pstree</code>''' – display a tree of processes
  
−
    '''top''' – table of processes
+
    '''<code>reboot</code>''' – halt, power-off or reboot the machine
  
−
=== System Info ===
+
    '''<code>shutdown</code>''' – halt, power-off or reboot the machine
−
    '''arch''' – print machine hardware name (architecture)
 
  
−
    '''date''' – print or set the system date and time
+
    '''<code>sudo</code>''' – execute a command as another user
  
−
    '''df''' – display free disk space
+
    '''<code>tmux</code>''' – terminal multiplexer
  
−
    '''du''' – display disk usage statistics
+
    '''<code>top</code>''' – table of processes
  
−
    '''fc-list''' – list available fonts  (Raspberry Pi)
+
===System Info===
 +
    '''<code>arch</code>''' – print machine hardware name (architecture)
  
−
    '''free''' – display amount of free and used memory in the system
+
    '''<code>date</code>''' – print or set the system date and time
  
−
    '''hostname''' – show or set the system's host name
+
    '''<code>df</code>''' – display free disk space
  
−
    '''lsblk''' – list block devices
+
    '''<code>du</code>''' – display disk usage statistics
  
−
    '''lscpu''' – list information about the CPU architecture
+
    '''<code>fc-list</code>''' – list available fonts  (Raspberry Pi)
  
−
    '''lshw''' – list hardware
+
    '''<code>free</code>''' – display amount of free and used memory in the system
  
−
    '''lsusb''' – list USB devices
+
    '''<code>hostname</code>''' – show or set the system's host name
  
−
    '''time''' – get time in seconds
+
    '''<code>lsblk</code>''' – list block devices
  
−
    '''uname''' – print operating system name
+
    '''<code>lscpu</code>''' – list information about the CPU architecture
  
−
    '''uptime''' – print up time and load
+
    '''<code>lshw</code>''' – list hardware
  
−
=== User and Group Management ===
+
    '''<code>lsusb</code>''' – list USB devices
−
    '''groupadd''' – create a new group
 
  
−
    '''groupdel''' – delete a group
+
    '''<code>time</code>''' – get time in seconds
  
−
    '''groups''' – show group memberships
+
    '''<code>uname</code>''' – print operating system name
  
−
    '''id''' – return user identity
+
    '''<code>uptime</code>''' – print up time and load
  
−
    '''passwd''' – modify a user's password
+
===User and Group Management===
 +
    '''<code>groupadd</code>''' – create a new group
  
−
    '''useradd''' – create a new user or update default new user info
+
    '''<code>groupdel</code>''' – delete a group
  
−
    '''userdel''' – delete a user account and related files
+
    '''<code>groups</code>''' – show group memberships
  
−
    '''usermod''' – modify a user account
+
    '''<code>id</code>''' – return user identity
  
−
    '''who''' – print effective user ID
+
    '''<code>passwd</code>''' – modify a user's password
  
−
    '''whoami''' – print the user name
+
    '''<code>useradd</code>''' – create a new user or update default new user info
−
==Training — PPM Trainer(s) needed==
 
−
PPM announces all its [https://www.meetup.com/pikespeakmakerspace/events '''Upcoming events, including classes, on Meetup''']
 
  
 +
    '''<code>userdel</code>''' – delete a user account and related files
 +
 +
    '''<code>usermod</code>''' – modify a user account
 +
 +
    '''<code>who</code>''' – print effective user ID
 +
 +
    '''<code>whoami</code>''' – print the user name
 +
==Classes==
 +
PPM announces its [https://www.meetup.com/pikespeakmakerspace/events '''Upcoming events, including classes, on Meetup''']
 +
==Training==
 +
Links to external site [https://www.Cheatography.com Cheatography.com] (useful, but a lot of ads):
 +
===[https://cheatography.com/tag/ubuntu/ Ubuntu Cheat Sheets]===
 +
===[https://cheatography.com/tag/bash/ Bash Cheat Sheets]===
 
==Related Pages==
 
==Related Pages==
 
Links to related PPM Wiki pages:
 
Links to related PPM Wiki pages:
Line 244: Line 261:
  
 
:[[Ubuntu|<span style="color:#000000; background:#D0DD27">&nbsp;&nbsp;'''Ubuntu'''&nbsp;&nbsp;</span>]]
 
:[[Ubuntu|<span style="color:#000000; background:#D0DD27">&nbsp;&nbsp;'''Ubuntu'''&nbsp;&nbsp;</span>]]
−
:[[Computers|<span style="color:#000000; background:#D0DD27">&nbsp;&nbsp;'''Computers'''&nbsp;&nbsp;</span>]]
+
:[[Computers -- Mac and Apple|<span style="color:#000000; background:#D0DD27">&nbsp;&nbsp;'''Computers — Mac and Apple'''&nbsp;&nbsp;</span>]]
 +
:[[Computers|<span style="color:#000000; background:#D0DD27">&nbsp;&nbsp;'''Computers — Windows'''&nbsp;&nbsp;</span>]]
 
:[[Infrastructure at PPM|<span style="color:#000000; background:#D0DD27">&nbsp;&nbsp;'''Infrastructure at PPM'''&nbsp;&nbsp;</span>]]
 
:[[Infrastructure at PPM|<span style="color:#000000; background:#D0DD27">&nbsp;&nbsp;'''Infrastructure at PPM'''&nbsp;&nbsp;</span>]]
 
:[[Raspberry Pi|<span style="color:#ffffff; background:#864199">&nbsp;&nbsp;'''Raspberry Pi'''&nbsp;&nbsp;</span>]]
 
:[[Raspberry Pi|<span style="color:#ffffff; background:#864199">&nbsp;&nbsp;'''Raspberry Pi'''&nbsp;&nbsp;</span>]]
 +
 
==Hand-Curated Links==
 
==Hand-Curated Links==
 
Links to member-recommended external sites:
 
Links to member-recommended external sites:
 
:'''[[wikipedia:List_of_free_and_open-source_software_packages|List of free and open-source software packages]]''' — on Wikipedia
 
:'''[[wikipedia:List_of_free_and_open-source_software_packages|List of free and open-source software packages]]''' — on Wikipedia
−
:'''[[wikipedia:Easter_egg_(media)|Easter Egg]]''' — on Wikipedia
+
:'''[https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/powershell/scripting/learn/more-powershell-learning?view=powershell-7.4 PowerShell learning resources]''' — on learn.Microsoft.com
  
 
==For Additional Help==
 
==For Additional Help==
−
: Use the PPM Slack channel #computing
+
:Use the PPM Slack channel #computing
 
:[[How To Slack#PPM Channel Names and Descriptions|'''List of all PPM Slack channels''']]
 
:[[How To Slack#PPM Channel Names and Descriptions|'''List of all PPM Slack channels''']]
 
:Note that we have a Slack channel (#job-board) for members to post, discuss, or accept job opportunities either within PPM or from the&nbsp;community.<br>
 
:Note that we have a Slack channel (#job-board) for members to post, discuss, or accept job opportunities either within PPM or from the&nbsp;community.<br>
Line 260: Line 279:
 
<p style="padding:0.2em 0.4em; background:#ff6c00; color:#FFFFFF; font-size:15%;"> &nbsp; </p>
 
<p style="padding:0.2em 0.4em; background:#ff6c00; color:#FFFFFF; font-size:15%;"> &nbsp; </p>
 
[[Category:Software]]
 
[[Category:Software]]
−
<!--Woodshop-->
 

Latest revision as of 15:36, 12 June 2024

Level 1 badge used at Pikes Peak Makerspace

Learn about the software that we have installed for all our members at Pikes Peak Makerspace (PPM).

Use of software installed on PPM computers does not require any additional required training (Level 1).


 


Welcome banner

Linux Tools for Beginners

Command Line

    apropos – search the manual page names and descriptions

    clear – clear the terminal screen

    code – launch Visual Studio Code (macOS)

    echo – display a line of text

    help – list of shell commands

    history – track input from the user a line at a time

    info – read the info documents

    man – interface to the on-line reference manuals

    say – convert text to audible speech

    scrot – command line screen capture utility

    whatis – display one-line manual page descriptions

File and Directory Management

    alias – define or display aliases

    cd – change the current directory

    chown – change file owner and group

    cp – copy files and directories

    dd – convert and copy a file

    dir – list directory contents

    file – determine file type

    git – fast, scalable, distributed revision control system

    ls – list directory contents

    mkdir – make directories

    mv – move (rename) files

    pwd – print working directory

    rm – remove files or directories

    scp – secure copy

    touch – change file timestamps

    which – locate a program file in the user's path

File Editing

    awk – pattern scanning and text processing language

    cut – remove sections from each line of files

    geany – a small and lightweight IDE (Raspberry Pi)

    gzip – compress or expand files

    nano – Nano's ANOther editor, an enhanced free Pico clone

    open – open files and directories

    pandoc – universal document converter

    scratch – easy to use interactive programming environment (Raspberry Pi)

    sed – stream editor

    tar – manipulate tape archives

    unzip – list, test and extract compressed files in a ZIP archive

    vim – Vi IMproved, a programmers text editor

File Transfer

    curl – transfer a URL

    wget – non-interactive download of files

File Viewing

    cat – concatenate and print files

    diff – compare 2 files line by line

    find – search for files in a directory hierarchy

    grep – print lines that match patterns

    head – output the first part of files

    jq – lightweight and flexible command-line JSON processor

    less – opposite of more

    look – display lines beginning with a given string

    more – page through text one screenful at a time

    tail – output the last part of files

    wc – word counts, and line and byte counts

    zgrep – search compressed files

Math Functions

    bc – basic calculator

    dc – RPN “Desktop Calculator”

    log – natural logarithmic function

    mathematica – open the app (Raspberry Pi)

    sin – sine function

Network Config

    ifconfig – configure network interface parameters

    ss – utility to investigate sockets

    ssh – OpenSSH SSH client (remote login program)

Network Monitoring

    ping – send ICMP ECHO_REQUEST packets to network hosts

    nc – arbitrary TCP and UDP connections and listens

    netstat – show network status

    traceroute – print the route packets take to network host

Package Managers

    apt – APT package handling utility

    apt-get – APT package handling utility

    dnf – for Fedora, (successor to YUM)

    dpkg – for Debian

    homebrew – for macOS or Linux

    rpm – for Red Hat and CentOS

    snap – for Ubuntu

    yum – for Fedora (Yellowdog Updater Modified)

    zypper – for OpenSUSE

Process Management

    bg – run a job/process in the background

    fg – run a job/process in the foreground

    halt – halt, power-off or reboot the machine

    htop – human readable table of processes

    jobs – list all jobs; active, stopped, or otherwise

    kill – terminate or signal a process

    killall – kill processes by name

    ps – process status

    pstree – display a tree of processes

    reboot – halt, power-off or reboot the machine

    shutdown – halt, power-off or reboot the machine

    sudo – execute a command as another user

    tmux – terminal multiplexer

    top – table of processes

System Info

    arch – print machine hardware name (architecture)

    date – print or set the system date and time

    df – display free disk space

    du – display disk usage statistics

    fc-list – list available fonts  (Raspberry Pi)

    free – display amount of free and used memory in the system

    hostname – show or set the system's host name

    lsblk – list block devices

    lscpu – list information about the CPU architecture

    lshw – list hardware

    lsusb – list USB devices

    time – get time in seconds

    uname – print operating system name

    uptime – print up time and load

User and Group Management

    groupadd – create a new group

    groupdel – delete a group

    groups – show group memberships

    id – return user identity

    passwd – modify a user's password

    useradd – create a new user or update default new user info

    userdel – delete a user account and related files

    usermod – modify a user account

    who – print effective user ID

    whoami – print the user name

Classes

PPM announces its Upcoming events, including classes, on Meetup

Training

Links to external site Cheatography.com (useful, but a lot of ads):

Ubuntu Cheat Sheets

Bash Cheat Sheets

Related Pages

Links to related PPM Wiki pages:

GitHub Tips
  Ubuntu  
  Computers — Mac and Apple  
  Computers — Windows  
  Infrastructure at PPM  
  Raspberry Pi  

Hand-Curated Links

Links to member-recommended external sites:

List of free and open-source software packages — on Wikipedia
PowerShell learning resources — on learn.Microsoft.com

For Additional Help

Use the PPM Slack channel #computing
List of all PPM Slack channels
Note that we have a Slack channel (#job-board) for members to post, discuss, or accept job opportunities either within PPM or from the community.

PPM Tool Color Map — Interactive

Search the PPM Wiki — include both Content pages and Multimedia

Contact Us if you cannot find your answer here on our Wiki or if you notice any info that is outdated.

Pikes Peak Makerspace (PPM) is dedicated to supporting our maker community in their creative processes by providing shared space, shared tools, materials, software and a knowledge base to turn their ideas into reality.

 

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