Difference between revisions of "Linux Tools"

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== '''Linux Tools for Beginners''' ==
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[[File:Level 1 badge.png|alt=Level 1 badge used at Pikes Peak Makerspace|left|frameless|100x100px|PPM MEMBER USE]]
  
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=== '''Command Line''' ===
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'''Learn about the software that we have installed for all our members''' at Pikes Peak Makerspace (PPM).
−
    '''apropos''' – search the manual page names and descriptions
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<br>
 +
<br>
  
−
    '''clear''' – clear the terminal screen
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Use of software installed on PPM computers does not require any additional required training (Level 1).
 +
<br>
 +
<br>
 +
<br>
 +
{{Template:Contact Us}}
  
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    '''echo''' – display a line of text
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<p style="padding:0.2em 0.4em; background:#ff6c00; color:#FFFFFF; font-size:15%;"> &nbsp; </p>
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<br>
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[[File:Burst.png|alt=burst of white rays on orange background|link=https://wiki.pikespeakmakerspace.org/index.php/About_PPM|right|frameless|250x250px]]
  
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    '''help''' – list of shell commands
+
==Linux Tools for Beginners==
  
−
    '''history''' – track input from the user a line at a time
+
===Command Line===
 +
    '''<code>apropos</code>''' – search the manual page names and descriptions
  
−
    '''info''' – read the info documents
+
    '''<code>clear</code>''' – clear the terminal screen
  
−
    '''man''' – interface to the on-line reference manuals
+
    '''<code>echo</code>''' – display a line of text
  
−
    '''scrot''' – command line screen capture utility
+
    '''<code>help</code>''' – list of shell commands
  
−
    '''whatis''' – display one-line manual page descriptions
+
    '''<code>history</code>''' – track input from the user a line at a time
  
−
=== '''Math Functions''' ===
+
    '''<code>info</code>''' – read the info documents
−
    '''bc''' – basic calculator
 
  
−
    '''dc''' – RPN “Desktop Calculator”
+
    '''<code>man</code>''' – interface to the on-line reference manuals
  
−
    '''log''' – natural logarithmic function
+
    '''<code>say</code>''' – convert text to audible speech
  
−
    '''mathematica''' – open the app (Raspberry Pi)
+
    '''<code>scrot</code>''' – SCReenshOT utility (Raspberry Pi)
  
−
    '''sin''' – sine function
+
    '''<code>whatis</code>''' – display one-line manual page descriptions
  
−
=== '''File and Directory Management''' ===
+
===File and Directory Management===
−
    '''alias''' – define or display aliases
+
    '''<code>alias</code>''' – define or display aliases
  
−
    '''cd''' – change the current directory
+
    '''<code>cd</code>''' – change the current directory
  
−
    '''chown''' – change file owner and group
+
    '''<code>chown</code>''' – change file owner and group
  
−
    '''cp''' – copy files and directories
+
    '''<code>cp</code>''' – copy files and directories
  
−
    '''dd''' – convert and copy a file
+
    '''<code>dd</code>''' – convert and copy a file
  
−
    '''dir''' – list directory contents
+
    '''<code>dir</code>''' – list directory contents
  
−
    '''file''' – determine file type
+
    '''<code>file</code>''' – determine file type
  
−
    '''git''' – fast, scalable, distributed revision control system
+
    '''<code>git</code>''' – [https://git-scm.com/ distributed revision control system]
  
−
    '''ls''' – list directory contents  
+
    '''<code>ls</code>''' – list directory contents  
  
−
    '''mkdir''' – make directories
+
    '''<code>mkdir</code>''' – make directories
  
−
    '''mv''' – move (rename) files
+
    '''<code>mv</code>''' – move (rename) files
  
−
    '''pwd''' – print working directory
+
    '''<code>pwd</code>''' – print working directory
  
−
    '''rm''' – remove files or directories
+
    '''<code>rm</code>''' – remove files or directories
  
−
    '''scp''' – secure copy
+
    '''<code>scp</code>''' – secure copy
  
−
    '''touch''' – change file timestamps
+
    '''<code>touch</code>''' – change file timestamps
  
−
=== '''File Editing''' ===
+
    '''<code>which</code>''' – locate a program file in the user's path
−
    '''awk''' – pattern scanning and text processing language
 
  
−
    '''cut''' – remove sections from each line of files
+
===File Editing ===
 +
    '''<code>awk</code>''' – pattern scanning and text processing language
  
−
    '''expand''' – convert tabs to spaces
+
    '''<code>cut</code>''' – remove sections from each line of files
  
−
    '''geany''' – a small and lightweight IDE  (Raspberry Pi)
+
    '''<code>geany</code>''' – [https://www.geany.org/ a small and lightweight IDE (Raspberry Pi)]
  
−
    '''gzip''' – compress or expand files
+
    '''<code>gzip</code>''' – compress or expand already compressed files
  
−
    '''nano''' – Nano's ANOther editor, an enhanced free Pico clone
+
    '''<code>nano</code>''' – Nano's ANOther editor, an enhanced free Pico clone
  
−
    '''scratch''' – easy to use interactive programming environment  (Raspberry Pi)
+
    '''<code>open</code>''' – open files and directories
  
−
    '''sed''' – stream editor
+
    '''<code>pandoc</code>''' – [https://pandoc.org/ universal document converter]
  
−
    '''tar''' – manipulate tape archives
+
    '''<code>scratch</code>''' – [https://scratch.mit.edu/ easy to use interactive programming environment (Raspberry Pi)]
  
−
    '''vim''' – Vi IMproved, a programmers text editor
+
    '''<code>sed</code>''' – stream editor
  
−
=== '''File Transfer''' ===
+
    '''<code>tar</code>''' – manipulate tape archives
−
    '''curl''' – transfer a URL
 
  
−
    '''wget''' – non-interactive download of files
+
    '''<code>unzip</code>''' – list, test and extract compressed files in a ZIP archive
  
−
=== '''File Viewing''' ===
+
    '''<code>vim</code>''' – Vi IMproved, a programmers text editor
−
    '''cat''' – concatenate and print files
 
  
−
    '''diff''' – compate 2 files line by line
+
===File Transfer ===
 +
    '''<code>curl</code>''' – [https://curl.se/ "command line tool and library for transferring data with URLs"]
  
−
    '''find''' – search for files in a directory hierarchy
+
    '''<code>wget</code>''' – [https://www.gnu.org/software/wget/ "package for retrieving files using HTTP, HTTPS, FTP and FTPS"]
  
−
    '''grep''' – print lines that match patterns
+
===File Viewing===
 +
    '''<code>cat</code>''' – concatenate and print files
  
−
    '''head''' – output the first part of files
+
    '''<code>diff</code>''' – compare 2 files line by line
  
−
    '''less''' – opposite of more
+
    '''<code>find</code>''' – search for files in a directory hierarchy
  
−
    '''more''' – page through text one screenful at a time
+
    '''<code>grep</code>''' – print lines that match patterns
  
−
    '''open''' and possibly create a file
+
    '''<code>head</code>''' – output the first part of files
  
−
    '''tail''' – output the last part of files
+
    '''<code>jq</code>''' – [https://jqlang.github.io/jq/ lightweight and flexible command-line JSON processor]
  
−
    '''wc''' – word counts, and line and byte counts
+
    '''<code>less</code>''' – opposite of more
  
−
    '''zgrep''' – search compressed files
+
    '''<code>locate</code>''' – faster version of find, depends on a database
  
−
=== '''Network Config''' ===
+
    '''<code>look</code>''' – display lines beginning with a given string
−
    '''ifconfig''' – configure network interface parameters
 
  
−
    '''ss''' – utility to investigate sockets
+
    '''<code>more</code>''' – page through text one screenful at a time
  
−
    '''ssh''' – OpenSSH SSH client (remote login program)
+
    '''<code>tail</code>''' – output the last part of files
  
−
=== '''Network Monitoring''' ===
+
    '''<code>wc</code>''' – word counts, and line and byte counts
−
    '''ping''' – send ICMP ECHO_REQUEST packets to network hosts
 
  
−
    '''nc''' – arbitrary TCP and UDP connections and listens
+
    '''<code>zgrep</code>''' – search compressed files
  
−
    '''netstat''' – show network status
+
===Math Functions===
 +
    '''<code>bc</code>''' – basic calculator
  
−
    '''traceroute''' – print the route packets take to network host
+
    '''<code>dc</code>''' – RPN “Desktop Calculator”
  
−
=== '''Package Management''' ===
+
    '''<code>log</code>''' – natural logarithmic function
−
    '''apt-get''' – APT package handling utility
 
  
−
    '''apt''' – APT package handling utility
+
    '''<code>mathematica</code>''' – [https://www.wolfram.com/raspberry-pi/ open the app (Raspberry Pi)]
  
−
    '''dnf''' – Fedora, successor to YUM
+
    '''<code>sin</code>''' – sine function
  
−
    '''homebrew''' – for macOS or Linux
+
===Network Config===
 +
    '''<code>ifconfig</code>''' – configure network interface parameters
  
−
    '''yum''' – Yellowdog Updater Modified (Fedora)
+
    '''<code>ipconfig</code>''' – "Internet Protocol configuration", refreshes DHCP and DNS settings on some systems
  
−
    '''rpm''' – Red Hat and CentOS
+
    '''<code>ss</code>''' – utility to investigate sockets
  
−
    '''dpkg''' – package manager for Debian
+
    '''<code>ssh</code>''' – OpenSSH SSH client (remote login program)
  
−
    '''snap''' – for Ubuntu
+
===Network Monitoring===
 +
    '''<code>ping</code>''' – send ICMP ECHO_REQUEST packets to network hosts
  
−
    '''zypper''' – for OpenSUSE
+
    '''<code>nc</code>''' – arbitrary TCP and UDP connections and listens
  
−
=== '''Process Management''' ===
+
    '''<code>netstat</code>''' – show network status
−
    '''bg''' – run a job/process in the background
 
  
−
    '''fg''' – run a job/process in the foreground
+
    '''<code>traceroute</code>''' – print the route packets take to network host
  
−
    '''halt''' – halt, power-off or reboot the machine
+
===Package Managers===
 +
    '''<code>apt</code>''' – APT package handling utility
  
−
    '''htop''' – human readable table of processes
+
    '''<code>apt-get</code>''' – APT package handling utility
  
−
    jobs – list all jobs; active, stopped, or otherwise
+
    '''<code>dnf</code>''' – for Fedora, (successor to YUM)
  
−
    kill – terminate or signal a process
+
    '''<code>dpkg</code>''' – for Debian
  
−
    killall – kill processes by name
+
    '''<code>homebrew</code>''' – for macOS or Linux
  
−
    ps – process status
+
    '''<code>rpm</code>''' – for Red Hat and CentOS
  
−
    tmux – terminal multiplexer
+
    '''<code>snap</code>''' – for Ubuntu
  
−
    top – table of processes
+
    '''<code>yum</code>''' – for Fedora (Yellowdog Updater Modified)
  
−
    pstree – display a tree of processes
+
    '''<code>zypper</code>''' – for OpenSUSE
  
−
    shutdown – halt, power-off or reboot the machine
+
=== Process Management ===
 +
    '''<code>bg</code>''' – run a job/process in the background
  
−
    reboot – halt, power-off or reboot the machine
+
    '''<code>fg</code>''' – run a job/process in the foreground
  
−
    sudo – execute a command as another user
+
    '''<code>halt</code>''' – halt, power-off or reboot the machine
  
−
'''System Info'''
+
    '''<code>htop</code>''' – human readable table of processes
  
−
    arch – Print machine hardware name (architecture)
+
    '''<code>jobs</code>''' – list all jobs; active, stopped, or otherwise
  
−
    date – print or set the system date and time
+
    '''<code>kill</code>''' – terminate or signal a process
  
−
    df – display free disk space
+
    '''<code>killall</code>''' – kill processes by name
  
−
    du – display disk usage statistics
+
    '''<code>ps</code>''' – process status
  
−
    fc-list – list available fonts  (Raspberry Pi)
+
    '''<code>pstree</code>''' – display a tree of processes
  
−
    free – display amount of free and used memory in the system
+
    '''<code>reboot</code>''' – halt, power-off or reboot the machine
  
−
    hostname – show or set the system's host name
+
    '''<code>shutdown</code>''' – halt, power-off or reboot the machine
  
−
    lsblk – list block devices
+
    '''<code>sudo</code>''' – execute a command as another user
  
−
    lscpu – list information about the CPU architecture
+
    '''<code>tmux</code>''' – terminal multiplexer
  
−
    lshw – list hardware
+
    '''<code>top</code>''' – table of processes
  
−
    lsusb – list USB devices
+
===System Info===
 +
    '''<code>arch</code>''' – print machine hardware name (architecture)
  
−
    time – get time in seconds
+
    '''<code>date</code>''' – print or set the system date and time
  
−
    uname – print operating system name
+
    '''<code>df</code>''' – display free disk space
  
−
    uptime – print up time and load
+
    '''<code>du</code>''' – display disk usage statistics
  
−
'''User and Group Management'''
+
    '''<code>fc-list</code>''' – list available fonts  (Raspberry Pi)
  
−
    groupadd – create a new group
+
    '''<code>free</code>''' – display amount of free and used memory in the system
  
−
    groupdel – delete a group
+
    '''<code>hostname</code>''' – show or set the system's host name
  
−
    groups – show group memberships
+
    '''<code>lsblk</code>''' – list block devices
  
−
    id – return user identity
+
    '''<code>lscpu</code>''' – list information about the CPU architecture
  
−
    passwd – modify a user's password
+
    '''<code>lshw</code>''' – list hardware
  
−
    useradd – create a new user or update default new user info
+
    '''<code>lsusb</code>''' – list USB devices
  
−
    userdel – delete a user account and related files
+
    '''<code>time</code>''' – get time in seconds
  
−
    usermod – modify a user account
+
    '''<code>uname</code>''' – print operating system name
  
−
    who – print effective user ID
+
    '''<code>uptime</code>''' – print up time and load
  
−
    whoami – print the user name
+
===User and Group Management ===
 +
    '''<code>groupadd</code>''' – create a new group
  
−
––-
+
    '''<code>groupdel</code>''' – delete a group
 +
 
 +
    '''<code>groups</code>''' – show group memberships
 +
 
 +
    '''<code>id</code>''' – return user identity
 +
 
 +
    '''<code>passwd</code>''' – modify a user's password
 +
 
 +
    '''<code>useradd</code>''' – create a new user or update default new user info
 +
 
 +
    '''<code>userdel</code>''' – delete a user account and related files
 +
 
 +
    '''<code>usermod</code>''' – modify a user account
 +
 
 +
    '''<code>who</code>''' – print effective user ID
 +
 
 +
    '''<code>whoami</code>''' – print the user name
 +
==Related Pages==
 +
'''Links to related PPM Wiki pages:'''
 +
 
 +
:'''[[GitHub Tips]]'''
 +
 
 +
:[[Computers — Ubuntu|<span style="color:#000000; background:#D0DD27">&nbsp;&nbsp;'''Computers — Ubuntu'''&nbsp;&nbsp;</span>]]
 +
 
 +
:[[Computers -- Mac and Apple|<span style="color:#000000; background:#D0DD27">&nbsp;&nbsp;'''Computers — Mac and Apple'''&nbsp;&nbsp;</span>]]
 +
 
 +
:[[Computers|<span style="color:#000000; background:#D0DD27">&nbsp;&nbsp;'''Computers — Windows'''&nbsp;&nbsp;</span>]]
 +
 
 +
:[[Infrastructure at PPM|<span style="color:#000000; background:#D0DD27">&nbsp;&nbsp;'''Infrastructure at PPM'''&nbsp;&nbsp;</span>]]
 +
 
 +
:[[Raspberry Pi|<span style="color:#ffffff; background:#864199">&nbsp;&nbsp;'''Raspberry Pi'''&nbsp;&nbsp;</span>]]
 +
 
 +
==Hand-Curated Links==
 +
'''Links to member-recommended external sites:'''
 +
:'''[[wikipedia:List_of_POSIX_commands|List of POSIX commands]]''' — on Wikipedia
 +
 
 +
:'''[[wikipedia:List_of_free_and_open-source_software_packages|List of free and open-source software packages]]''' — on Wikipedia
 +
 
 +
:'''[https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/powershell/scripting/learn/more-powershell-learning?view=powershell-7.4 PowerShell learning resources]''' — on learn.Microsoft.com
 +
 
 +
==For Additional Help==
 +
:Use the PPM Slack channel #computing
 +
:[[How To Slack#PPM Channel Names and Descriptions|'''List of all PPM Slack channels''']]
 +
:Note that we have a Slack channel (#job-board) for members to post, discuss, or accept job opportunities either within PPM or from the&nbsp;community.<br>
 +
{{Template:Footer}}
 +
{{Template:Ideas into reality}}
 +
<p style="padding:0.2em 0.4em; background:#ff6c00; color:#FFFFFF; font-size:15%;"> &nbsp; </p>
 +
[[Category:Software]]

Latest revision as of 23:11, 25 November 2024

Level 1 badge used at Pikes Peak Makerspace

Learn about the software that we have installed for all our members at Pikes Peak Makerspace (PPM).

Use of software installed on PPM computers does not require any additional required training (Level 1).


Contact Us if you cannot find your answer here on our Wiki or if you notice any information that is outdated.

 


burst of white rays on orange background

Linux Tools for Beginners

Command Line

    apropos – search the manual page names and descriptions

    clear – clear the terminal screen

    echo – display a line of text

    help – list of shell commands

    history – track input from the user a line at a time

    info – read the info documents

    man – interface to the on-line reference manuals

    say – convert text to audible speech

    scrot – SCReenshOT utility (Raspberry Pi)

    whatis – display one-line manual page descriptions

File and Directory Management

    alias – define or display aliases

    cd – change the current directory

    chown – change file owner and group

    cp – copy files and directories

    dd – convert and copy a file

    dir – list directory contents

    file – determine file type

    git – distributed revision control system

    ls – list directory contents

    mkdir – make directories

    mv – move (rename) files

    pwd – print working directory

    rm – remove files or directories

    scp – secure copy

    touch – change file timestamps

    which – locate a program file in the user's path

File Editing

    awk – pattern scanning and text processing language

    cut – remove sections from each line of files

    geany – a small and lightweight IDE (Raspberry Pi)

    gzip – compress or expand already compressed files

    nano – Nano's ANOther editor, an enhanced free Pico clone

    open – open files and directories

    pandoc – universal document converter

    scratch – easy to use interactive programming environment (Raspberry Pi)

    sed – stream editor

    tar – manipulate tape archives

    unzip – list, test and extract compressed files in a ZIP archive

    vim – Vi IMproved, a programmers text editor

File Transfer

    curl – "command line tool and library for transferring data with URLs"

    wget – "package for retrieving files using HTTP, HTTPS, FTP and FTPS"

File Viewing

    cat – concatenate and print files

    diff – compare 2 files line by line

    find – search for files in a directory hierarchy

    grep – print lines that match patterns

    head – output the first part of files

    jq – lightweight and flexible command-line JSON processor

    less – opposite of more

    locate – faster version of find, depends on a database

    look – display lines beginning with a given string

    more – page through text one screenful at a time

    tail – output the last part of files

    wc – word counts, and line and byte counts

    zgrep – search compressed files

Math Functions

    bc – basic calculator

    dc – RPN “Desktop Calculator”

    log – natural logarithmic function

    mathematica – open the app (Raspberry Pi)

    sin – sine function

Network Config

    ifconfig – configure network interface parameters

    ipconfig – "Internet Protocol configuration", refreshes DHCP and DNS settings on some systems

    ss – utility to investigate sockets

    ssh – OpenSSH SSH client (remote login program)

Network Monitoring

    ping – send ICMP ECHO_REQUEST packets to network hosts

    nc – arbitrary TCP and UDP connections and listens

    netstat – show network status

    traceroute – print the route packets take to network host

Package Managers

    apt – APT package handling utility

    apt-get – APT package handling utility

    dnf – for Fedora, (successor to YUM)

    dpkg – for Debian

    homebrew – for macOS or Linux

    rpm – for Red Hat and CentOS

    snap – for Ubuntu

    yum – for Fedora (Yellowdog Updater Modified)

    zypper – for OpenSUSE

Process Management

    bg – run a job/process in the background

    fg – run a job/process in the foreground

    halt – halt, power-off or reboot the machine

    htop – human readable table of processes

    jobs – list all jobs; active, stopped, or otherwise

    kill – terminate or signal a process

    killall – kill processes by name

    ps – process status

    pstree – display a tree of processes

    reboot – halt, power-off or reboot the machine

    shutdown – halt, power-off or reboot the machine

    sudo – execute a command as another user

    tmux – terminal multiplexer

    top – table of processes

System Info

    arch – print machine hardware name (architecture)

    date – print or set the system date and time

    df – display free disk space

    du – display disk usage statistics

    fc-list – list available fonts  (Raspberry Pi)

    free – display amount of free and used memory in the system

    hostname – show or set the system's host name

    lsblk – list block devices

    lscpu – list information about the CPU architecture

    lshw – list hardware

    lsusb – list USB devices

    time – get time in seconds

    uname – print operating system name

    uptime – print up time and load

User and Group Management

    groupadd – create a new group

    groupdel – delete a group

    groups – show group memberships

    id – return user identity

    passwd – modify a user's password

    useradd – create a new user or update default new user info

    userdel – delete a user account and related files

    usermod – modify a user account

    who – print effective user ID

    whoami – print the user name

Related Pages

Links to related PPM Wiki pages:

GitHub Tips
  Computers — Ubuntu  
  Computers — Mac and Apple  
  Computers — Windows  
  Infrastructure at PPM  
  Raspberry Pi  

Hand-Curated Links

Links to member-recommended external sites:

List of POSIX commands — on Wikipedia
List of free and open-source software packages — on Wikipedia
PowerShell learning resources — on learn.Microsoft.com

For Additional Help

Use the PPM Slack channel #computing
List of all PPM Slack channels
Note that we have a Slack channel (#job-board) for members to post, discuss, or accept job opportunities either within PPM or from the community.

Search the PPM Wiki — include Content pages as well as Multimedia.

Contact Us if you cannot find your answer here on our Wiki or if you notice any information that is outdated.

Pikes Peak Makerspace (PPM) is dedicated to supporting our maker community in their creative processes by providing shared space, shared tools, materials, software, and a knowledge base to turn their ideas into reality.

 

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