Difference between revisions of "Linux Tools"

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==Linux Tools for Beginners==
  
−
== '''Linux Tools for Beginners''' ==
+
===Command Line===
 +
    '''<code>apropos</code>''' – search the manual page names and descriptions
  
−
=== Command Line ===
+
    '''<code>clear</code>''' – clear the terminal screen
−
    '''apropos''' – search the manual page names and descriptions
 
  
−
    '''clear''' – clear the terminal screen
+
    '''<code>echo</code>''' – display a line of text
  
−
    '''code''' – launch Visual Studio Code (macOS)
+
    '''<code>help</code>''' – list of shell commands
  
−
    '''echo''' – display a line of text
+
    '''<code>history</code>''' – track input from the user a line at a time
  
−
    '''help''' – list of shell commands
+
    '''<code>info</code>''' – read the info documents
  
−
    '''history''' – track input from the user a line at a time
+
    '''<code>man</code>''' – interface to the on-line reference manuals
  
−
    '''info''' – read the info documents
+
    '''<code>say</code>''' – convert text to audible speech
  
−
    '''man''' – interface to the on-line reference manuals
+
    '''<code>scrot</code>''' – SCReenshOT utility (Raspberry Pi)
  
−
    '''say''' – convert text to audible speech
+
    '''<code>whatis</code>''' – display one-line manual page descriptions
  
−
    '''scrot''' – command line screen capture utility
+
===File and Directory Management===
 +
    '''<code>alias</code>''' – define or display aliases
  
−
    '''whatis''' – display one-line manual page descriptions
+
    '''<code>cd</code>''' – change the current directory
  
−
=== File and Directory Management ===
+
    '''<code>chown</code>''' – change file owner and group
−
    '''alias''' – define or display aliases
 
  
−
    '''cd''' – change the current directory
+
    '''<code>cp</code>''' – copy files and directories
  
−
    '''chown''' – change file owner and group
+
    '''<code>dd</code>''' – convert and copy a file
  
−
    '''cp''' – copy files and directories
+
    '''<code>dir</code>''' – list directory contents
  
−
    '''dd''' – convert and copy a file
+
    '''<code>file</code>''' – determine file type
  
−
    '''dir''' – list directory contents
+
    '''<code>ls</code>''' – list directory contents  
  
−
    '''file''' – determine file type
+
    '''<code>mkdir</code>''' – make directories
  
−
    '''git''' – fast, scalable, distributed revision control system
+
    '''<code>mv</code>''' – move (rename) files
  
−
    '''ls''' – list directory contents
+
    '''<code>pwd</code>''' – print working directory
  
−
    '''mkdir''' – make directories
+
    '''<code>rm</code>''' – remove files or directories
  
−
    '''mv''' – move (rename) files
+
    '''<code>scp</code>''' – secure copy
  
−
    '''pwd''' – print working directory
+
    '''<code>touch</code>''' – change file timestamps
  
−
    '''rm''' – remove files or directories
+
    '''<code>which</code>''' – locate a program file in the user's path
  
−
    '''scp''' – secure copy
+
===File Editing ===
 +
    '''<code>awk</code>''' – pattern scanning and text processing language
  
−
    '''touch''' – change file timestamps
+
    '''<code>cut</code>''' – remove sections from each line of files
  
−
=== File Editing ===
+
    '''<code>gzip</code>''' – compress or expand already compressed files
−
    '''awk''' – pattern scanning and text processing language
 
  
−
    '''cut''' – remove sections from each line of files
+
    '''<code>nano</code>''' – Nano's ANOther editor, an enhanced free Pico clone
  
−
    '''geany''' – a small and lightweight IDE  (Raspberry Pi)
+
    '''<code>open</code>''' – open files and directories
  
−
    '''gzip''' – compress or expand files
+
    '''<code>pandoc</code>''' – [https://pandoc.org/ universal document converter]
  
−
    '''nano''' – Nano's ANOther editor, an enhanced free Pico clone
+
    '''<code>sed</code>''' – stream editor
  
−
    '''open''' – open files and directories
+
    '''<code>tar</code>''' – manipulate tape archives
  
−
    '''scratch''' – easy to use interactive programming environment  (Raspberry Pi)
+
    '''<code>unzip</code>''' – list, test and extract compressed files in a ZIP archive
  
−
    '''sed''' – stream editor
+
===File Transfer ===
 +
    '''<code>curl</code>''' – [https://curl.se/ "command line tool and library for transferring data with URLs"]
  
−
    '''tar''' – manipulate tape archives
+
    '''<code>wget</code>''' – retrieve files using HTTPS or FTPS
  
−
    '''vim''' – Vi IMproved, a programmers text editor
+
===File Viewing===
 +
    '''<code>cat</code>''' – concatenate and print files
  
−
=== File Transfer ===
+
    '''<code>column</code>''' – formats its input into multiple columns
−
    '''curl''' – transfer a URL
 
  
−
    '''wget''' – non-interactive download of files
+
    '''<code>diff</code>''' – compare 2 files line by line
  
−
=== File Viewing ===
+
    '''<code>find</code>''' – search for files in a directory hierarchy
−
    '''cat''' – concatenate and print files
 
  
−
    '''diff''' – compare 2 files line by line
+
    '''<code>grep</code>''' – print lines that match patterns
  
−
    '''find''' – search for files in a directory hierarchy
+
    '''<code>head</code>''' – output the first part of files
  
−
    '''grep''' – print lines that match patterns
+
    '''<code>jq</code>''' – [https://jqlang.github.io/jq/ lightweight and flexible command-line JSON processor]
  
−
    '''head''' – output the first part of files
+
    '''<code>less</code>''' – opposite of more
  
−
    '''less''' – opposite of more
+
    '''<code>locate</code>''' – faster version of find, depends on a database
  
−
    '''look''' v display lines beginning with a given string
+
    '''<code>look</code>''' – display lines beginning with a given string
  
−
    '''more''' – page through text one screenful at a time
+
    '''<code>more</code>''' – page through text one screenful at a time
  
−
    '''tail''' – output the last part of files
+
    '''<code>tail</code>''' – output the last part of files
  
−
    '''wc''' – word counts, and line and byte counts
+
    '''<code>wc</code>''' – word counts, and line and byte counts
  
−
    '''zgrep''' – search compressed files
+
    '''<code>zgrep</code>''' – search compressed files
  
−
=== Math Functions ===
+
===Math Functions===
−
    '''bc''' – basic calculator
+
    '''<code>bc</code>''' – basic calculator
  
−
    '''dc''' – RPN “Desktop Calculator”
+
    '''<code>dc</code>''' – RPN “Desktop Calculator”
  
−
    '''log''' – natural logarithmic function
+
    '''<code>log</code>''' – natural logarithmic function
  
−
    '''mathematica''' – open the app (Raspberry Pi)
+
    '''<code>mathematica</code>''' – [https://www.wolfram.com/raspberry-pi/ open the app (Raspberry Pi)]
  
−
    '''sin''' – sine function
+
    '''<code>sin</code>''' – sine function
  
−
=== Network Config ===
+
===Network Config===
−
    '''ifconfig''' – configure network interface parameters
+
    '''<code>ifconfig</code>''' – configure network interface parameters
  
−
    '''ss''' – utility to investigate sockets
+
    '''<code>ipconfig</code>''' – "Internet Protocol configuration", refreshes DHCP and DNS settings on some systems
  
−
    '''ssh''' – OpenSSH SSH client (remote login program)
+
    '''<code>ss</code>''' – utility to investigate sockets
  
−
=== Network Monitoring ===
+
    '''<code>ssh</code>''' – OpenSSH SSH client (remote login program)
−
    '''ping''' – send ICMP ECHO_REQUEST packets to network hosts
 
  
−
    '''nc''' – arbitrary TCP and UDP connections and listens
+
===Network Monitoring===
 +
    '''<code>ping</code>''' – send ICMP ECHO_REQUEST packets to network hosts
  
−
    '''netstat''' – show network status
+
    '''<code>nc</code>''' – arbitrary TCP and UDP connections and listens
  
−
    '''traceroute''' – print the route packets take to network host
+
    '''<code>netstat</code>''' – show network status
  
−
=== Package Management ===
+
    '''<code>traceroute</code>''' – print the route packets take to network host
−
    '''apt-get''' – APT package handling utility
 
  
−
    '''apt''' – APT package handling utility
+
===Package Managers===
 +
    '''<code>apt</code>''' – APT package handling utility
  
−
    '''dnf''' – Fedora, successor to YUM
+
    '''<code>apt-get</code>''' – APT package handling utility
  
−
    '''dpkg''' – package manager for Debian
+
    '''<code>dnf</code>''' – for Fedora, (successor to YUM)
  
−
    '''homebrew''' – for macOS or Linux
+
    '''<code>dpkg</code>''' – for Debian
  
−
    '''rpm''' – Red Hat and CentOS
+
    '''<code>homebrew</code>''' – for macOS or Linux
  
−
    '''snap''' – for Ubuntu
+
    '''<code>rpm</code>''' – for Red Hat and CentOS
  
−
    '''which''' – locate a program file in the user's path
+
    '''<code>snap</code>''' – for Ubuntu
  
−
    '''yum''' – Yellowdog Updater Modified (Fedora)
+
    '''<code>yum</code>''' – for Fedora (Yellowdog Updater Modified)
  
−
    '''zypper''' – for OpenSUSE
+
    '''<code>zypper</code>''' – for OpenSUSE
  
 
=== Process Management ===
 
=== Process Management ===
−
    '''bg''' – run a job/process in the background
+
    '''<code>bg</code>''' – run a job/process in the background
 +
 
 +
    '''<code>fg</code>''' – run a job/process in the foreground
 +
 
 +
    '''<code>fuser</code>''' – list processes that have one or more files open
 +
 
 +
    '''<code>halt</code>''' – halt, power-off or reboot the machine
 +
 
 +
    '''<code>htop</code>''' – human readable table of processes
 +
 
 +
    '''<code>jobs</code>''' – list all jobs; active, stopped, or otherwise
 +
 
 +
    '''<code>kill</code>''' – terminate or signal a process
 +
 
 +
    '''<code>killall</code>''' – kill processes by name
  
−
    '''fg''' – run a job/process in the foreground
+
    '''<code>ps</code>''' – process status
  
−
    '''halt''' – halt, power-off or reboot the machine
+
    '''<code>pstree</code>''' – display a tree of processes
  
−
    '''htop''' – human readable table of processes
+
    '''<code>reboot</code>''' – halt, power-off or reboot the machine
  
−
    '''jobs''' – list all jobs; active, stopped, or otherwise
+
    '''<code>shutdown</code>''' – halt, power-off or reboot the machine
  
−
    '''kill''' – terminate or signal a process
+
    '''<code>sudo</code>''' – execute a command as another user
  
−
    '''killall''' – kill processes by name
+
    '''<code>tmux</code>''' – terminal multiplexer
  
−
    '''ps''' – process status
+
    '''<code>top</code>''' – table of processes
  
−
    '''pstree''' – display a tree of processes
+
===Programming===
 +
    '''<code>geany</code>''' – [https://www.geany.org/ a small and lightweight IDE (Raspberry Pi)]
  
−
    '''reboot''' – halt, power-off or reboot the machine
+
    '''<code>git</code>''' – [https://git-scm.com/ distributed revision control system]
  
−
    '''shutdown''' – halt, power-off or reboot the machine
+
    '''<code>scratch</code>''' – [https://scratch.mit.edu/ easy to use interactive programming environment (Raspberry Pi)]
  
−
    '''sudo''' – execute a command as another user
+
    '''<code>vim</code>''' – Vi IMproved, a programmers text editor
  
−
    '''tmux''' – terminal multiplexer
+
===System Info===
 +
    '''<code>arch</code>''' – print machine hardware name (architecture)
  
−
    '''top''' – table of processes
+
    '''<code>cal</code>''' – print a calendar
  
−
=== System Info ===
+
    '''<code>date</code>''' – print or set the system date and time
−
    '''arch''' – print machine hardware name (architecture)
 
  
−
    '''date''' – print or set the system date and time
+
    '''<code>df</code>''' – display free disk space
  
−
    '''df''' – display free disk space
+
    '''<code>du</code>''' – display disk usage statistics
  
−
    '''du''' – display disk usage statistics
+
    '''<code>fc-list</code>''' – list available fonts (Raspberry Pi)
  
−
    '''fc-list''' – list available fonts  (Raspberry Pi)
+
    '''<code>free</code>''' – display amount of free and used memory in the system
  
−
    '''free''' – display amount of free and used memory in the system
+
    '''<code>hostname</code>''' – show or set the system's host name
  
−
    '''hostname''' – show or set the system's host name
+
    '''<code>lsblk</code>''' – list block devices
  
−
    '''lsblk''' – list block devices
+
    '''<code>lscpu</code>''' – list information about the CPU architecture
  
−
    '''lscpu''' – list information about the CPU architecture
+
    '''<code>lshw</code>''' – list hardware
  
−
    '''lshw''' – list hardware
+
    '''<code>lsusb</code>''' – list USB devices
  
−
    '''lsusb''' – list USB devices
+
    '''<code>time</code>''' – get time in seconds
  
−
    '''time''' – get time in seconds
+
    '''<code>uname</code>''' – print operating system name
  
−
    '''uname''' – print operating system name
+
    '''<code>uptime</code>''' – print up time and load
  
−
    '''uptime''' – print up time and load
+
===User and Group Management ===
 +
    '''<code>groupadd</code>''' – create a new group
  
−
=== User and Group Management ===
+
    '''<code>groupdel</code>''' – delete a group
−
    '''groupadd''' – create a new group
 
  
−
    '''groupdel''' – delete a group
+
    '''<code>groups</code>''' – show group memberships
  
−
    '''groups''' – show group memberships
+
    '''<code>id</code>''' – return user identity
  
−
    '''id''' – return user identity
+
    '''<code>passwd</code>''' – modify a user's password
  
−
    '''passwd''' – modify a user's password
+
    '''<code>useradd</code>''' – create a new user or update default new user info
  
−
    '''useradd''' – create a new user or update default new user info
+
    '''<code>userdel</code>''' – delete a user account and related files
  
−
    '''userdel''' – delete a user account and related files
+
    '''<code>usermod</code>''' – modify a user account
  
−
    '''usermod''' – modify a user account
+
    '''<code>who</code>''' – print effective user ID
  
−
    '''who''' – print effective user ID
+
    '''<code>whoami</code>''' – print the user name
 +
==Hand-Curated Links==
 +
'''Links to member-recommended external sites:'''
 +
:'''[[wikipedia:List_of_POSIX_commands|List of POSIX commands]]''' — on Wikipedia
  
−
    '''whoami''' – print the user name
+
==Additional Help==
−
==Training — PPM Trainer(s) needed==
+
'''Links to related PPM Wiki pages:'''
−
PPM announces all its [https://www.meetup.com/pikespeakmakerspace/events '''Upcoming events, including classes, on Meetup''']
 
  
−
==Related Pages==
 
−
Links to related PPM Wiki pages:
 
 
:'''[[GitHub Tips]]'''
 
:'''[[GitHub Tips]]'''
  
−
:[[Ubuntu|<span style="color:#000000; background:#D0DD27">&nbsp;&nbsp;'''Ubuntu'''&nbsp;&nbsp;</span>]]
+
:[[Computers — Ubuntu|<span style="color:#000000; background:#D0DD27">&nbsp;&nbsp;'''Computers — Ubuntu'''&nbsp;&nbsp;</span>]]
 +
 
 
:[[Computers -- Mac and Apple|<span style="color:#000000; background:#D0DD27">&nbsp;&nbsp;'''Computers — Mac and Apple'''&nbsp;&nbsp;</span>]]
 
:[[Computers -- Mac and Apple|<span style="color:#000000; background:#D0DD27">&nbsp;&nbsp;'''Computers — Mac and Apple'''&nbsp;&nbsp;</span>]]
 +
 
:[[Computers|<span style="color:#000000; background:#D0DD27">&nbsp;&nbsp;'''Computers — Windows'''&nbsp;&nbsp;</span>]]
 
:[[Computers|<span style="color:#000000; background:#D0DD27">&nbsp;&nbsp;'''Computers — Windows'''&nbsp;&nbsp;</span>]]
 +
 
:[[Infrastructure at PPM|<span style="color:#000000; background:#D0DD27">&nbsp;&nbsp;'''Infrastructure at PPM'''&nbsp;&nbsp;</span>]]
 
:[[Infrastructure at PPM|<span style="color:#000000; background:#D0DD27">&nbsp;&nbsp;'''Infrastructure at PPM'''&nbsp;&nbsp;</span>]]
 +
 
:[[Raspberry Pi|<span style="color:#ffffff; background:#864199">&nbsp;&nbsp;'''Raspberry Pi'''&nbsp;&nbsp;</span>]]
 
:[[Raspberry Pi|<span style="color:#ffffff; background:#864199">&nbsp;&nbsp;'''Raspberry Pi'''&nbsp;&nbsp;</span>]]
  
−
==Hand-Curated Links==
+
:Use the PPM Slack channel #computing
−
Links to member-recommended external sites:
 
−
:'''[[wikipedia:List_of_free_and_open-source_software_packages|List of free and open-source software packages]]''' — on Wikipedia
 
−
:'''[https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/powershell/scripting/learn/more-powershell-learning?view=powershell-7.4 PowerShell learning resources]''' — on learn.Microsoft.com
 
−
 
 
−
==For Additional Help==
 
−
: Use the PPM Slack channel #computing
 
 
:[[How To Slack#PPM Channel Names and Descriptions|'''List of all PPM Slack channels''']]
 
:[[How To Slack#PPM Channel Names and Descriptions|'''List of all PPM Slack channels''']]
 
:Note that we have a Slack channel (#job-board) for members to post, discuss, or accept job opportunities either within PPM or from the&nbsp;community.<br>
 
:Note that we have a Slack channel (#job-board) for members to post, discuss, or accept job opportunities either within PPM or from the&nbsp;community.<br>
 
{{Template:Footer}}
 
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{{Template:Ideas into reality}}
 
 
<p style="padding:0.2em 0.4em; background:#ff6c00; color:#FFFFFF; font-size:15%;"> &nbsp; </p>
 
<p style="padding:0.2em 0.4em; background:#ff6c00; color:#FFFFFF; font-size:15%;"> &nbsp; </p>
 
[[Category:Software]]
 
[[Category:Software]]
−
<!--Woodshop-->
 

Latest revision as of 20:36, 6 January 2025

Level 1 badge used at Pikes Peak Makerspace

Learn about the software that we have installed for all our members at Pikes Peak Makerspace (PPM).

Use of software installed on PPM computers does not require any additional required training (Level 1).


Contact Us if you cannot find your answer here on our Wiki or if you notice any information that is outdated.

 


burst of white rays on orange background

Linux Tools for Beginners

Command Line

    apropos – search the manual page names and descriptions

    clear – clear the terminal screen

    echo – display a line of text

    help – list of shell commands

    history – track input from the user a line at a time

    info – read the info documents

    man – interface to the on-line reference manuals

    say – convert text to audible speech

    scrot – SCReenshOT utility (Raspberry Pi)

    whatis – display one-line manual page descriptions

File and Directory Management

    alias – define or display aliases

    cd – change the current directory

    chown – change file owner and group

    cp – copy files and directories

    dd – convert and copy a file

    dir – list directory contents

    file – determine file type

    ls – list directory contents

    mkdir – make directories

    mv – move (rename) files

    pwd – print working directory

    rm – remove files or directories

    scp – secure copy

    touch – change file timestamps

    which – locate a program file in the user's path

File Editing

    awk – pattern scanning and text processing language

    cut – remove sections from each line of files

    gzip – compress or expand already compressed files

    nano – Nano's ANOther editor, an enhanced free Pico clone

    open – open files and directories

    pandoc – universal document converter

    sed – stream editor

    tar – manipulate tape archives

    unzip – list, test and extract compressed files in a ZIP archive

File Transfer

    curl – "command line tool and library for transferring data with URLs"

    wget – retrieve files using HTTPS or FTPS

File Viewing

    cat – concatenate and print files

    column – formats its input into multiple columns

    diff – compare 2 files line by line

    find – search for files in a directory hierarchy

    grep – print lines that match patterns

    head – output the first part of files

    jq – lightweight and flexible command-line JSON processor

    less – opposite of more

    locate – faster version of find, depends on a database

    look – display lines beginning with a given string

    more – page through text one screenful at a time

    tail – output the last part of files

    wc – word counts, and line and byte counts

    zgrep – search compressed files

Math Functions

    bc – basic calculator

    dc – RPN “Desktop Calculator”

    log – natural logarithmic function

    mathematica – open the app (Raspberry Pi)

    sin – sine function

Network Config

    ifconfig – configure network interface parameters

    ipconfig – "Internet Protocol configuration", refreshes DHCP and DNS settings on some systems

    ss – utility to investigate sockets

    ssh – OpenSSH SSH client (remote login program)

Network Monitoring

    ping – send ICMP ECHO_REQUEST packets to network hosts

    nc – arbitrary TCP and UDP connections and listens

    netstat – show network status

    traceroute – print the route packets take to network host

Package Managers

    apt – APT package handling utility

    apt-get – APT package handling utility

    dnf – for Fedora, (successor to YUM)

    dpkg – for Debian

    homebrew – for macOS or Linux

    rpm – for Red Hat and CentOS

    snap – for Ubuntu

    yum – for Fedora (Yellowdog Updater Modified)

    zypper – for OpenSUSE

Process Management

    bg – run a job/process in the background

    fg – run a job/process in the foreground

    fuser – list processes that have one or more files open

    halt – halt, power-off or reboot the machine

    htop – human readable table of processes

    jobs – list all jobs; active, stopped, or otherwise

    kill – terminate or signal a process

    killall – kill processes by name

    ps – process status

    pstree – display a tree of processes

    reboot – halt, power-off or reboot the machine

    shutdown – halt, power-off or reboot the machine

    sudo – execute a command as another user

    tmux – terminal multiplexer

    top – table of processes

Programming

    geany – a small and lightweight IDE (Raspberry Pi)

    git – distributed revision control system

    scratch – easy to use interactive programming environment (Raspberry Pi)

    vim – Vi IMproved, a programmers text editor

System Info

    arch – print machine hardware name (architecture)

    cal – print a calendar

    date – print or set the system date and time

    df – display free disk space

    du – display disk usage statistics

    fc-list – list available fonts (Raspberry Pi)

    free – display amount of free and used memory in the system

    hostname – show or set the system's host name

    lsblk – list block devices

    lscpu – list information about the CPU architecture

    lshw – list hardware

    lsusb – list USB devices

    time – get time in seconds

    uname – print operating system name

    uptime – print up time and load

User and Group Management

    groupadd – create a new group

    groupdel – delete a group

    groups – show group memberships

    id – return user identity

    passwd – modify a user's password

    useradd – create a new user or update default new user info

    userdel – delete a user account and related files

    usermod – modify a user account

    who – print effective user ID

    whoami – print the user name

Hand-Curated Links

Links to member-recommended external sites:

List of POSIX commands — on Wikipedia

Additional Help

Links to related PPM Wiki pages:

GitHub Tips
  Computers — Ubuntu  
  Computers — Mac and Apple  
  Computers — Windows  
  Infrastructure at PPM  
  Raspberry Pi  
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