Difference between revisions of "Linux Tools"

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== '''Linux Tools for Beginners''' ==
+
==Linux Tools for Beginners==
  
−
=== Command Line ===
+
===Command Line===
−
    '''apropos''' – search the manual page names and descriptions
+
    '''<code>apropos</code>''' – search the manual page names and descriptions
  
−
    '''clear''' – clear the terminal screen
+
    '''<code>clear</code>''' – clear the terminal screen
  
−
    '''echo''' – display a line of text
+
    '''<code>echo</code>''' – display a line of text
  
−
    '''help''' – list of shell commands
+
    '''<code>help</code>''' – list of shell commands
  
−
    '''history''' – track input from the user a line at a time
+
    '''<code>history</code>''' – track input from the user a line at a time
  
−
    '''info''' – read the info documents
+
    '''<code>info</code>''' – read the info documents
  
−
    '''man''' – interface to the on-line reference manuals
+
    '''<code>man</code>''' – interface to the on-line reference manuals
  
−
    '''scrot''' – command line screen capture utility
+
    '''<code>say</code>''' – convert text to audible speech
  
−
    '''whatis''' – display one-line manual page descriptions
+
    '''<code>scrot</code>''' – SCReenshOT utility (Raspberry Pi)
  
−
=== File and Directory Management ===
+
    '''<code>whatis</code>''' – display one-line manual page descriptions
−
    '''alias''' – define or display aliases
 
  
−
    '''cd''' – change the current directory
+
===File and Directory Management===
 +
    '''<code>alias</code>''' – define or display aliases
  
−
    '''chown''' – change file owner and group
+
    '''<code>cd</code>''' – change the current directory
  
−
    '''cp''' – copy files and directories
+
    '''<code>chown</code>''' – change file owner and group
  
−
    '''dd''' – convert and copy a file
+
    '''<code>cp</code>''' – copy files and directories
  
−
    '''dir''' – list directory contents
+
    '''<code>dd</code>''' – convert and copy a file
  
−
    '''file''' – determine file type
+
    '''<code>dir</code>''' – list directory contents
  
−
    '''git''' – fast, scalable, distributed revision control system
+
    '''<code>file</code>''' – determine file type
  
−
    '''ls''' – list directory contents
+
    '''<code>git</code>''' – [https://git-scm.com/ distributed revision control system]
  
−
    '''mkdir''' – make directories
+
    '''<code>ls</code>''' – list directory contents
  
−
    '''mv''' – move (rename) files
+
    '''<code>mkdir</code>''' – make directories
  
−
    '''pwd''' – print working directory
+
    '''<code>mv</code>''' – move (rename) files
  
−
    '''rm''' – remove files or directories
+
    '''<code>pwd</code>''' – print working directory
  
−
    '''scp''' – secure copy
+
    '''<code>rm</code>''' – remove files or directories
  
−
    '''touch''' – change file timestamps
+
    '''<code>scp</code>''' – secure copy
  
−
=== File Editing ===
+
    '''<code>touch</code>''' – change file timestamps
−
    '''awk''' – pattern scanning and text processing language
 
  
−
    '''cut''' – remove sections from each line of files
+
    '''<code>which</code>''' – locate a program file in the user's path
  
−
    '''expand''' – convert tabs to spaces
+
===File Editing ===
 +
    '''<code>awk</code>''' – pattern scanning and text processing language
  
−
    '''geany''' – a small and lightweight IDE  (Raspberry Pi)
+
    '''<code>cut</code>''' – remove sections from each line of files
  
−
    '''gzip''' – compress or expand files
+
    '''<code>geany</code>''' – [https://www.geany.org/ a small and lightweight IDE (Raspberry Pi)]
  
−
    '''nano''' – Nano's ANOther editor, an enhanced free Pico clone
+
    '''<code>gzip</code>''' – compress or expand already compressed files
  
−
    '''scratch''' – easy to use interactive programming environment  (Raspberry Pi)
+
    '''<code>nano</code>''' – Nano's ANOther editor, an enhanced free Pico clone
  
−
    '''sed''' – stream editor
+
    '''<code>open</code>''' – open files and directories
  
−
    '''tar''' – manipulate tape archives
+
    '''<code>pandoc</code>''' – [https://pandoc.org/ universal document converter]
  
−
    '''vim''' – Vi IMproved, a programmers text editor
+
    '''<code>scratch</code>''' – [https://scratch.mit.edu/ easy to use interactive programming environment (Raspberry Pi)]
  
−
=== File Transfer ===
+
    '''<code>sed</code>''' – stream editor
−
    '''curl''' – transfer a URL
 
  
−
    '''wget''' – non-interactive download of files
+
    '''<code>tar</code>''' – manipulate tape archives
  
−
=== File Viewing ===
+
    '''<code>unzip</code>''' – list, test and extract compressed files in a ZIP archive
−
    '''cat''' – concatenate and print files
 
  
−
    '''diff''' – compare 2 files line by line
+
    '''<code>vim</code>''' – Vi IMproved, a programmers text editor
  
−
    '''find''' – search for files in a directory hierarchy
+
===File Transfer ===
 +
    '''<code>curl</code>''' – [https://curl.se/ "command line tool and library for transferring data with URLs"]
  
−
    '''grep''' – print lines that match patterns
+
    '''<code>wget</code>''' – [https://www.gnu.org/software/wget/ "package for retrieving files using HTTP, HTTPS, FTP and FTPS"]
  
−
    '''head''' – output the first part of files
+
===File Viewing===
 +
    '''<code>cat</code>''' – concatenate and print files
  
−
    '''less''' – opposite of more
+
    '''<code>diff</code>''' – compare 2 files line by line
  
−
    '''more''' – page through text one screenful at a time
+
    '''<code>find</code>''' – search for files in a directory hierarchy
  
−
    '''open''' and possibly create a file
+
    '''<code>grep</code>''' – print lines that match patterns
  
−
    '''tail''' – output the last part of files
+
    '''<code>head</code>''' – output the first part of files
  
−
    '''wc''' – word counts, and line and byte counts
+
    '''<code>jq</code>''' – [https://jqlang.github.io/jq/ lightweight and flexible command-line JSON processor]
  
−
    '''zgrep''' – search compressed files
+
    '''<code>less</code>''' – opposite of more
  
−
=== Math Functions ===
+
    '''<code>locate</code>''' – faster version of find, depends on a database
−
    '''bc''' – basic calculator
 
  
−
    '''dc''' – RPN “Desktop Calculator”
+
    '''<code>look</code>''' – display lines beginning with a given string
  
−
    '''log''' – natural logarithmic function
+
    '''<code>more</code>''' – page through text one screenful at a time
  
−
    '''mathematica''' – open the app (Raspberry Pi)
+
    '''<code>tail</code>''' – output the last part of files
  
−
    '''sin''' – sine function
+
    '''<code>wc</code>''' – word counts, and line and byte counts
  
−
=== Network Config ===
+
    '''<code>zgrep</code>''' – search compressed files
−
    '''ifconfig''' – configure network interface parameters
 
  
−
    '''ss''' – utility to investigate sockets
+
===Math Functions===
 +
    '''<code>bc</code>''' – basic calculator
  
−
    '''ssh''' – OpenSSH SSH client (remote login program)
+
    '''<code>dc</code>''' – RPN “Desktop Calculator”
  
−
=== Network Monitoring ===
+
    '''<code>log</code>''' – natural logarithmic function
−
    '''ping''' – send ICMP ECHO_REQUEST packets to network hosts
 
  
−
    '''nc''' – arbitrary TCP and UDP connections and listens
+
    '''<code>mathematica</code>''' – [https://www.wolfram.com/raspberry-pi/ open the app (Raspberry Pi)]
  
−
    '''netstat''' – show network status
+
    '''<code>sin</code>''' – sine function
  
−
    '''traceroute''' – print the route packets take to network host
+
===Network Config===
 +
    '''<code>ifconfig</code>''' – configure network interface parameters
  
−
=== Package Management ===
+
    '''<code>ipconfig</code>''' – "Internet Protocol configuration", refreshes DHCP and DNS settings on some systems
−
    '''apt-get''' – APT package handling utility
 
  
−
    '''apt''' – APT package handling utility
+
    '''<code>ss</code>''' – utility to investigate sockets
  
−
    '''dnf''' – Fedora, successor to YUM
+
    '''<code>ssh</code>''' – OpenSSH SSH client (remote login program)
  
−
    '''dpkg''' – package manager for Debian
+
===Network Monitoring===
 +
    '''<code>ping</code>''' – send ICMP ECHO_REQUEST packets to network hosts
  
−
    '''homebrew''' – for macOS or Linux
+
    '''<code>nc</code>''' – arbitrary TCP and UDP connections and listens
  
−
    '''rpm''' – Red Hat and CentOS
+
    '''<code>netstat</code>''' – show network status
  
−
    '''snap''' – for Ubuntu
+
    '''<code>traceroute</code>''' – print the route packets take to network host
  
−
    '''yum''' – Yellowdog Updater Modified (Fedora)
+
===Package Managers===
 +
    '''<code>apt</code>''' – APT package handling utility
  
−
    '''zypper''' – for OpenSUSE
+
    '''<code>apt-get</code>''' – APT package handling utility
 +
 
 +
    '''<code>dnf</code>''' – for Fedora, (successor to YUM)
 +
 
 +
    '''<code>dpkg</code>''' – for Debian
 +
 
 +
    '''<code>homebrew</code>''' – for macOS or Linux
 +
 
 +
    '''<code>rpm</code>''' – for Red Hat and CentOS
 +
 
 +
    '''<code>snap</code>''' – for Ubuntu
 +
 
 +
    '''<code>yum</code>''' – for Fedora (Yellowdog Updater Modified)
 +
 
 +
    '''<code>zypper</code>''' – for OpenSUSE
  
 
=== Process Management ===
 
=== Process Management ===
−
    '''bg''' – run a job/process in the background
+
    '''<code>bg</code>''' – run a job/process in the background
 +
 
 +
    '''<code>fg</code>''' – run a job/process in the foreground
 +
 
 +
    '''<code>halt</code>''' – halt, power-off or reboot the machine
  
−
    '''fg''' – run a job/process in the foreground
+
    '''<code>htop</code>''' – human readable table of processes
  
−
    '''halt''' – halt, power-off or reboot the machine
+
    '''<code>jobs</code>''' – list all jobs; active, stopped, or otherwise
  
−
    '''htop''' – human readable table of processes
+
    '''<code>kill</code>''' – terminate or signal a process
  
−
    '''jobs''' – list all jobs; active, stopped, or otherwise
+
    '''<code>killall</code>''' – kill processes by name
  
−
    '''kill''' – terminate or signal a process
+
    '''<code>ps</code>''' – process status
  
−
    '''killall''' – kill processes by name
+
    '''<code>pstree</code>''' – display a tree of processes
  
−
    '''ps''' – process status
+
    '''<code>reboot</code>''' – halt, power-off or reboot the machine
  
−
    '''pstree''' – display a tree of processes
+
    '''<code>shutdown</code>''' – halt, power-off or reboot the machine
  
−
    '''reboot''' – halt, power-off or reboot the machine
+
    '''<code>sudo</code>''' – execute a command as another user
  
−
    '''shutdown''' – halt, power-off or reboot the machine
+
    '''<code>tmux</code>''' – terminal multiplexer
  
−
    '''sudo''' – execute a command as another user
+
    '''<code>top</code>''' – table of processes
  
−
'''tmux''' – terminal multiplexer
+
===System Info===
 +
    '''<code>arch</code>''' – print machine hardware name (architecture)
  
−
    '''top''' – table of processes
+
    '''<code>date</code>''' – print or set the system date and time
  
−
=== System Info ===
+
    '''<code>df</code>''' – display free disk space
−
    '''arch''' – Print machine hardware name (architecture)
 
  
−
    '''date''' – print or set the system date and time
+
    '''<code>du</code>''' – display disk usage statistics
  
−
    '''df''' – display free disk space
+
    '''<code>fc-list</code>''' – list available fonts  (Raspberry Pi)
  
−
    '''du''' – display disk usage statistics
+
    '''<code>free</code>''' – display amount of free and used memory in the system
  
−
    '''fc-list''' – list available fonts  (Raspberry Pi)
+
    '''<code>hostname</code>''' – show or set the system's host name
  
−
    '''free''' – display amount of free and used memory in the system
+
    '''<code>lsblk</code>''' – list block devices
  
−
    '''hostname''' – show or set the system's host name
+
    '''<code>lscpu</code>''' – list information about the CPU architecture
  
−
    '''lsblk''' – list block devices
+
    '''<code>lshw</code>''' – list hardware
  
−
    '''lscpu''' – list information about the CPU architecture
+
    '''<code>lsusb</code>''' – list USB devices
  
−
    '''lshw''' – list hardware
+
    '''<code>time</code>''' – get time in seconds
  
−
    '''lsusb''' – list USB devices
+
    '''<code>uname</code>''' – print operating system name
  
−
    '''time''' – get time in seconds
+
    '''<code>uptime</code>''' – print up time and load
  
−
    '''uname''' – print operating system name
+
===User and Group Management ===
 +
    '''<code>groupadd</code>''' – create a new group
  
−
    '''uptime''' – print up time and load
+
    '''<code>groupdel</code>''' – delete a group
  
−
=== User and Group Management ===
+
    '''<code>groups</code>''' – show group memberships
−
    '''groupadd''' – create a new group
 
  
−
    '''groupdel''' – delete a group
+
    '''<code>id</code>''' – return user identity
  
−
    '''groups''' – show group memberships
+
    '''<code>passwd</code>''' – modify a user's password
  
−
    '''id''' – return user identity
+
    '''<code>useradd</code>''' – create a new user or update default new user info
  
−
    '''passwd''' – modify a user's password
+
    '''<code>userdel</code>''' – delete a user account and related files
  
−
    '''useradd''' – create a new user or update default new user info
+
    '''<code>usermod</code>''' – modify a user account
  
−
    '''userdel''' – delete a user account and related files
+
    '''<code>who</code>''' – print effective user ID
  
−
    '''usermod''' – modify a user account
+
    '''<code>whoami</code>''' – print the user name
 +
==Related Pages==
 +
'''Links to related PPM Wiki pages:'''
  
−
    '''who''' – print effective user ID
+
:'''[[GitHub Tips]]'''
  
−
    '''whoami''' – print the user name
+
:[[Computers — Ubuntu|<span style="color:#000000; background:#D0DD27">&nbsp;&nbsp;'''Computers — Ubuntu'''&nbsp;&nbsp;</span>]]
 +
 
 +
:[[Computers -- Mac and Apple|<span style="color:#000000; background:#D0DD27">&nbsp;&nbsp;'''Computers — Mac and Apple'''&nbsp;&nbsp;</span>]]
 +
 
 +
:[[Computers|<span style="color:#000000; background:#D0DD27">&nbsp;&nbsp;'''Computers — Windows'''&nbsp;&nbsp;</span>]]
 +
 
 +
:[[Infrastructure at PPM|<span style="color:#000000; background:#D0DD27">&nbsp;&nbsp;'''Infrastructure at PPM'''&nbsp;&nbsp;</span>]]
 +
 
 +
:[[Raspberry Pi|<span style="color:#ffffff; background:#864199">&nbsp;&nbsp;'''Raspberry Pi'''&nbsp;&nbsp;</span>]]
 +
 
 +
==Hand-Curated Links==
 +
'''Links to member-recommended external sites:'''
 +
:'''[[wikipedia:List_of_free_and_open-source_software_packages|List of free and open-source software packages]]''' — on Wikipedia
 +
 
 +
:'''[https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/powershell/scripting/learn/more-powershell-learning?view=powershell-7.4 PowerShell learning resources]''' — on learn.Microsoft.com
 +
 
 +
==For Additional Help==
 +
:Use the PPM Slack channel #computing
 +
:[[How To Slack#PPM Channel Names and Descriptions|'''List of all PPM Slack channels''']]
 +
:Note that we have a Slack channel (#job-board) for members to post, discuss, or accept job opportunities either within PPM or from the&nbsp;community.<br>
 +
{{Template:Footer}}
 +
{{Template:Ideas into reality}}
 +
<p style="padding:0.2em 0.4em; background:#ff6c00; color:#FFFFFF; font-size:15%;"> &nbsp; </p>
 +
[[Category:Software]]

Latest revision as of 13:42, 21 November 2024

Level 1 badge used at Pikes Peak Makerspace

Learn about the software that we have installed for all our members at Pikes Peak Makerspace (PPM).

Use of software installed on PPM computers does not require any additional required training (Level 1).


Contact Us if you cannot find your answer here on our Wiki or if you notice any information that is outdated.

 


burst of white rays on orange background

Linux Tools for Beginners

Command Line

    apropos – search the manual page names and descriptions

    clear – clear the terminal screen

    echo – display a line of text

    help – list of shell commands

    history – track input from the user a line at a time

    info – read the info documents

    man – interface to the on-line reference manuals

    say – convert text to audible speech

    scrot – SCReenshOT utility (Raspberry Pi)

    whatis – display one-line manual page descriptions

File and Directory Management

    alias – define or display aliases

    cd – change the current directory

    chown – change file owner and group

    cp – copy files and directories

    dd – convert and copy a file

    dir – list directory contents

    file – determine file type

    git – distributed revision control system

    ls – list directory contents

    mkdir – make directories

    mv – move (rename) files

    pwd – print working directory

    rm – remove files or directories

    scp – secure copy

    touch – change file timestamps

    which – locate a program file in the user's path

File Editing

    awk – pattern scanning and text processing language

    cut – remove sections from each line of files

    geany – a small and lightweight IDE (Raspberry Pi)

    gzip – compress or expand already compressed files

    nano – Nano's ANOther editor, an enhanced free Pico clone

    open – open files and directories

    pandoc – universal document converter

    scratch – easy to use interactive programming environment (Raspberry Pi)

    sed – stream editor

    tar – manipulate tape archives

    unzip – list, test and extract compressed files in a ZIP archive

    vim – Vi IMproved, a programmers text editor

File Transfer

    curl – "command line tool and library for transferring data with URLs"

    wget – "package for retrieving files using HTTP, HTTPS, FTP and FTPS"

File Viewing

    cat – concatenate and print files

    diff – compare 2 files line by line

    find – search for files in a directory hierarchy

    grep – print lines that match patterns

    head – output the first part of files

    jq – lightweight and flexible command-line JSON processor

    less – opposite of more

    locate – faster version of find, depends on a database

    look – display lines beginning with a given string

    more – page through text one screenful at a time

    tail – output the last part of files

    wc – word counts, and line and byte counts

    zgrep – search compressed files

Math Functions

    bc – basic calculator

    dc – RPN “Desktop Calculator”

    log – natural logarithmic function

    mathematica – open the app (Raspberry Pi)

    sin – sine function

Network Config

    ifconfig – configure network interface parameters

    ipconfig – "Internet Protocol configuration", refreshes DHCP and DNS settings on some systems

    ss – utility to investigate sockets

    ssh – OpenSSH SSH client (remote login program)

Network Monitoring

    ping – send ICMP ECHO_REQUEST packets to network hosts

    nc – arbitrary TCP and UDP connections and listens

    netstat – show network status

    traceroute – print the route packets take to network host

Package Managers

    apt – APT package handling utility

    apt-get – APT package handling utility

    dnf – for Fedora, (successor to YUM)

    dpkg – for Debian

    homebrew – for macOS or Linux

    rpm – for Red Hat and CentOS

    snap – for Ubuntu

    yum – for Fedora (Yellowdog Updater Modified)

    zypper – for OpenSUSE

Process Management

    bg – run a job/process in the background

    fg – run a job/process in the foreground

    halt – halt, power-off or reboot the machine

    htop – human readable table of processes

    jobs – list all jobs; active, stopped, or otherwise

    kill – terminate or signal a process

    killall – kill processes by name

    ps – process status

    pstree – display a tree of processes

    reboot – halt, power-off or reboot the machine

    shutdown – halt, power-off or reboot the machine

    sudo – execute a command as another user

    tmux – terminal multiplexer

    top – table of processes

System Info

    arch – print machine hardware name (architecture)

    date – print or set the system date and time

    df – display free disk space

    du – display disk usage statistics

    fc-list – list available fonts  (Raspberry Pi)

    free – display amount of free and used memory in the system

    hostname – show or set the system's host name

    lsblk – list block devices

    lscpu – list information about the CPU architecture

    lshw – list hardware

    lsusb – list USB devices

    time – get time in seconds

    uname – print operating system name

    uptime – print up time and load

User and Group Management

    groupadd – create a new group

    groupdel – delete a group

    groups – show group memberships

    id – return user identity

    passwd – modify a user's password

    useradd – create a new user or update default new user info

    userdel – delete a user account and related files

    usermod – modify a user account

    who – print effective user ID

    whoami – print the user name

Related Pages

Links to related PPM Wiki pages:

GitHub Tips
  Computers — Ubuntu  
  Computers — Mac and Apple  
  Computers — Windows  
  Infrastructure at PPM  
  Raspberry Pi  

Hand-Curated Links

Links to member-recommended external sites:

List of free and open-source software packages — on Wikipedia
PowerShell learning resources — on learn.Microsoft.com

For Additional Help

Use the PPM Slack channel #computing
List of all PPM Slack channels
Note that we have a Slack channel (#job-board) for members to post, discuss, or accept job opportunities either within PPM or from the community.

Search the PPM Wiki — include Content pages as well as Multimedia.

Contact Us if you cannot find your answer here on our Wiki or if you notice any information that is outdated.

Pikes Peak Makerspace (PPM) is dedicated to supporting our maker community in their creative processes by providing shared space, shared tools, materials, software, and a knowledge base to turn their ideas into reality.

 

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