Difference between revisions of "Linux Tools"

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=== Command Line ===
 
=== Command Line ===
−
    '''apropos''' – search the manual page names and descriptions
+
    '''<code>apropos</code>''' – search the manual page names and descriptions
  
−
    '''clear''' – clear the terminal screen
+
    '''<code>clear</code>''' – clear the terminal screen
  
−
    '''echo''' – display a line of text
+
    '''<code>code</code>''' – launch Visual Studio Code (macOS)
  
−
    '''help''' – list of shell commands
+
    '''<code>echo</code>''' – display a line of text
  
−
    '''history''' – track input from the user a line at a time
+
    '''<code>help</code>''' – list of shell commands
  
−
    '''info''' – read the info documents
+
    '''<code>history</code>''' – track input from the user a line at a time
  
−
    '''man''' – interface to the on-line reference manuals
+
    '''<code>info</code>''' – read the info documents
  
−
    '''scrot''' – command line screen capture utility
+
    '''<code>man</code>''' – interface to the on-line reference manuals
  
−
    '''whatis''' – display one-line manual page descriptions
+
    '''<code>say</code>''' – convert text to audible speech
 +
 
 +
    '''<code>scrot</code>''' – command line screen capture utility
 +
 
 +
    '''<code>whatis</code>''' – display one-line manual page descriptions
  
 
=== File and Directory Management ===
 
=== File and Directory Management ===
−
    '''alias''' – define or display aliases
+
    '''<code>alias</code>''' – define or display aliases
  
−
    '''cd''' – change the current directory
+
    '''<code>cd</code>''' – change the current directory
  
−
    '''chown''' – change file owner and group
+
    '''<code>chown</code>''' – change file owner and group
  
−
    '''cp''' – copy files and directories
+
    '''<code>cp</code>''' – copy files and directories
  
−
    '''dd''' – convert and copy a file
+
    '''<code>dd</code>''' – convert and copy a file
  
−
    '''dir''' – list directory contents
+
    '''<code>dir</code>''' – list directory contents
  
−
    '''file''' – determine file type
+
    '''<code>file</code>''' – determine file type
  
−
    '''git''' – fast, scalable, distributed revision control system
+
    '''<code>git</code>''' – fast, scalable, distributed revision control system
  
−
    '''ls''' – list directory contents  
+
    '''<code>ls</code>''' – list directory contents  
  
−
    '''mkdir''' – make directories
+
    '''<code>mkdir</code>''' – make directories
  
−
    '''mv''' – move (rename) files
+
    '''<code>mv</code>''' – move (rename) files
  
−
    '''pwd''' – print working directory
+
    '''<code>pwd</code>''' – print working directory
  
−
    '''rm''' – remove files or directories
+
    '''<code>rm</code>''' – remove files or directories
  
−
    '''scp''' – secure copy
+
    '''<code>scp</code>''' – secure copy
  
−
    '''touch''' – change file timestamps
+
    '''<code>touch</code>''' – change file timestamps
  
 
=== File Editing ===
 
=== File Editing ===
−
    '''awk''' – pattern scanning and text processing language
+
    '''<code>awk</code>''' – pattern scanning and text processing language
 +
 
 +
    '''<code>cut</code>''' – remove sections from each line of files
 +
 
 +
    '''<code>geany</code>''' – a small and lightweight IDE  (Raspberry Pi)
 +
 
 +
    '''<code>gzip</code>''' – compress or expand files
 +
 
 +
    '''<code>nano</code>''' – Nano's ANOther editor, an enhanced free Pico clone
 +
 
 +
    '''<code>open</code>''' – open files and directories
 +
 
 +
    '''<code>scratch</code>''' – easy to use interactive programming environment  (Raspberry Pi)
 +
 
 +
    '''<code>sed</code>''' – stream editor
 +
 
 +
    '''<code>tar</code>''' – manipulate tape archives
 +
 
 +
    '''<code>unzip</code>''' – list, test and extract compressed files in a ZIP archive
 +
 
 +
    '''<code>vim</code>''' – Vi IMproved, a programmers text editor
 +
 
 +
===File Transfer===
 +
    '''<code>curl</code>''' – transfer a URL
 +
 
 +
    '''<code>wget</code>''' – non-interactive download of files
 +
 
 +
===File Viewing===
 +
    '''<code>cat</code>''' – concatenate and print files
 +
 
 +
    '''<code>diff</code>''' – compare 2 files line by line
  
−
    '''cut''' – remove sections from each line of files
+
    '''<code>find</code>''' – search for files in a directory hierarchy
  
−
    '''expand''' – convert tabs to spaces
+
    '''<code>grep</code>''' – print lines that match patterns
  
−
    '''geany''' – a small and lightweight IDE  (Raspberry Pi)
+
    '''<code>head</code>''' – output the first part of files
  
−
    '''gzip''' – compress or expand files
+
    '''<code>less</code>''' – opposite of more
  
−
    '''nano''' – Nano's ANOther editor, an enhanced free Pico clone
+
    '''<code>look</code>''' – display lines beginning with a given string
  
−
    '''scratch''' – easy to use interactive programming environment  (Raspberry Pi)
+
    '''<code>more</code>''' – page through text one screenful at a time
  
−
    '''sed''' – stream editor
+
    '''<code>tail</code>''' – output the last part of files
  
−
    '''tar''' – manipulate tape archives
+
    '''<code>wc</code>''' – word counts, and line and byte counts
  
−
    '''vim''' – Vi IMproved, a programmers text editor
+
    '''<code>zgrep</code>''' – search compressed files
  
−
=== File Transfer ===
+
===Math Functions===
−
    '''curl''' – transfer a URL
+
    '''<code>bc</code>''' – basic calculator
  
−
    '''wget''' – non-interactive download of files
+
    '''<code>dc</code>''' – RPN “Desktop Calculator”
  
−
=== File Viewing ===
+
    '''<code>log</code>''' – natural logarithmic function
−
    '''cat''' – concatenate and print files
 
  
−
    '''diff''' – compare 2 files line by line
+
    '''<code>mathematica</code>''' – open the app (Raspberry Pi)
  
−
    '''find''' – search for files in a directory hierarchy
+
    '''<code>sin</code>''' – sine function
  
−
    '''grep''' – print lines that match patterns
+
===Network Config===
 +
    '''<code>ifconfig</code>''' – configure network interface parameters
  
−
    '''head''' – output the first part of files
+
    '''<code>ss</code>''' – utility to investigate sockets
  
−
    '''less''' – opposite of more
+
    '''<code>ssh</code>''' – OpenSSH SSH client (remote login program)
  
−
    '''more''' – page through text one screenful at a time
+
===Network Monitoring===
 +
    '''<code>ping</code>''' – send ICMP ECHO_REQUEST packets to network hosts
  
−
    '''open''' and possibly create a file
+
    '''<code>nc</code>''' – arbitrary TCP and UDP connections and listens
  
−
    '''tail''' – output the last part of files
+
    '''<code>netstat</code>''' – show network status
  
−
    '''wc''' – word counts, and line and byte counts
+
    '''<code>traceroute</code>''' – print the route packets take to network host
  
−
    '''zgrep''' – search compressed files
+
===Package Management ===
 +
    '''<code>apt-get</code>''' – APT package handling utility
  
−
=== Math Functions ===
+
    '''<code>apt</code>''' – APT package handling utility
−
    '''bc''' – basic calculator
 
  
−
    '''dc''' – RPN “Desktop Calculator”
+
    '''<code>dnf</code>''' – Fedora, successor to YUM
  
−
    '''log''' – natural logarithmic function
+
    '''<code>dpkg</code>''' – package manager for Debian
  
−
    '''mathematica''' – open the app (Raspberry Pi)
+
    '''<code>homebrew</code>''' – for macOS or Linux
  
−
    '''sin''' – sine function
+
    '''<code>rpm</code>''' – Red Hat and CentOS
  
−
=== Network Config ===
+
    '''<code>snap</code>''' – for Ubuntu
−
    '''ifconfig''' – configure network interface parameters
 
  
−
    '''ss''' – utility to investigate sockets
+
    '''<code>which</code>''' – locate a program file in the user's path
  
−
    '''ssh''' – OpenSSH SSH client (remote login program)  
+
    '''<code>yum</code>''' – Yellowdog Updater Modified (Fedora)
  
−
=== Network Monitoring ===
+
    '''<code>zypper</code>''' – for OpenSUSE
−
    '''ping''' – send ICMP ECHO_REQUEST packets to network hosts
 
  
−
    '''nc''' – arbitrary TCP and UDP connections and listens
+
=== Process Management===
 +
    '''<code>bg</code>''' – run a job/process in the background
  
−
    '''netstat''' – show network status
+
    '''<code>fg</code>''' – run a job/process in the foreground
  
−
    '''traceroute''' – print the route packets take to network host
+
    '''<code>halt</code>''' – halt, power-off or reboot the machine
  
−
=== Package Management ===
+
    '''<code>htop</code>''' – human readable table of processes
−
    '''apt-get''' – APT package handling utility
 
  
−
    '''apt''' – APT package handling utility
+
    '''<code>jobs</code>''' – list all jobs; active, stopped, or otherwise
  
−
    '''dnf''' – Fedora, successor to YUM
+
    '''<code>kill</code>''' – terminate or signal a process
  
−
    '''dpkg''' – package manager for Debian
+
    '''<code>killall</code>''' – kill processes by name
  
−
    '''homebrew''' – for macOS or Linux
+
    '''<code>ps</code>''' – process status
  
−
    '''rpm''' – Red Hat and CentOS
+
    '''<code>pstree</code>''' – display a tree of processes
  
−
    '''snap''' – for Ubuntu
+
    '''<code>reboot</code>''' – halt, power-off or reboot the machine
  
−
    '''yum''' – Yellowdog Updater Modified (Fedora)
+
    '''<code>shutdown</code>''' – halt, power-off or reboot the machine
  
−
    '''zypper''' – for OpenSUSE
+
    '''<code>sudo</code>''' – execute a command as another user
  
−
=== Process Management ===
+
    '''<code>tmux</code>''' – terminal multiplexer
−
    '''bg''' – run a job/process in the background
 
  
−
    '''fg''' – run a job/process in the foreground
+
    '''<code>top</code>''' – table of processes
  
−
    '''halt''' – halt, power-off or reboot the machine
+
===System Info===
 +
    '''<code>arch</code>''' – print machine hardware name (architecture)
  
−
    '''htop''' – human readable table of processes
+
    '''<code>date</code>''' – print or set the system date and time
  
−
    '''jobs''' – list all jobs; active, stopped, or otherwise
+
    '''<code>df</code>''' – display free disk space
  
−
    '''kill''' – terminate or signal a process
+
    '''<code>du</code>''' – display disk usage statistics
  
−
    '''killall''' – kill processes by name
+
    '''<code>fc-list</code>''' – list available fonts  (Raspberry Pi)
  
−
    '''ps''' – process status
+
    '''<code>free</code>''' – display amount of free and used memory in the system
  
−
    '''pstree''' – display a tree of processes
+
    '''<code>hostname</code>''' – show or set the system's host name
  
−
    '''reboot''' – halt, power-off or reboot the machine
+
    '''<code>lsblk</code>''' – list block devices
  
−
    '''shutdown''' – halt, power-off or reboot the machine
+
    '''<code>lscpu</code>''' – list information about the CPU architecture
  
−
    '''sudo''' – execute a command as another user
+
    '''<code>lshw</code>''' – list hardware
  
−
'''tmux''' – terminal multiplexer
+
    '''<code>lsusb</code>''' – list USB devices
  
−
    '''top''' – table of processes
+
    '''<code>time</code>''' – get time in seconds
  
−
=== System Info ===
+
    '''<code>uname</code>''' – print operating system name
−
    '''arch''' – Print machine hardware name (architecture)
 
  
−
    '''date''' – print or set the system date and time
+
    '''<code>uptime</code>''' – print up time and load
  
−
    '''df''' – display free disk space
+
===User and Group Management===
 +
    '''<code>groupadd</code>''' – create a new group
  
−
    '''du''' – display disk usage statistics
+
    '''<code>groupdel</code>''' – delete a group
  
−
    '''fc-list''' – list available fonts  (Raspberry Pi)
+
    '''<code>groups</code>''' – show group memberships
  
−
    '''free''' – display amount of free and used memory in the system
+
    '''<code>id</code>''' – return user identity
  
−
    '''hostname''' – show or set the system's host name
+
    '''<code>passwd</code>''' – modify a user's password
  
−
    '''lsblk''' – list block devices
+
    '''<code>useradd</code>''' – create a new user or update default new user info
  
−
    '''lscpu''' – list information about the CPU architecture
+
    '''<code>userdel</code>''' – delete a user account and related files
  
−
    '''lshw''' – list hardware
+
    '''<code>usermod</code>''' – modify a user account
  
−
    '''lsusb''' – list USB devices
+
    '''<code>who</code>''' – print effective user ID
  
−
    '''time''' – get time in seconds
+
    '''<code>whoami</code>''' – print the user name
 +
==Classes==
 +
PPM announces its [https://www.meetup.com/pikespeakmakerspace/events '''Upcoming events, including classes, on Meetup''']
 +
==Training==
 +
Links to external sites — Cheatography.com
 +
===[https://cheatography.com/tag/ubuntu/ 44 Ubuntu Cheat Sheets]===
 +
===[https://cheatography.com/tag/bash/ Bash Cheat Sheets]===
 +
==Related Pages==
 +
Links to related PPM Wiki pages:
 +
:'''[[GitHub Tips]]'''
  
−
    '''uname''' – print operating system name
+
:[[Ubuntu|<span style="color:#000000; background:#D0DD27">&nbsp;&nbsp;'''Ubuntu'''&nbsp;&nbsp;</span>]]
 +
:[[Computers -- Mac and Apple|<span style="color:#000000; background:#D0DD27">&nbsp;&nbsp;'''Computers — Mac and Apple'''&nbsp;&nbsp;</span>]]
 +
:[[Computers|<span style="color:#000000; background:#D0DD27">&nbsp;&nbsp;'''Computers — Windows'''&nbsp;&nbsp;</span>]]
 +
:[[Infrastructure at PPM|<span style="color:#000000; background:#D0DD27">&nbsp;&nbsp;'''Infrastructure at PPM'''&nbsp;&nbsp;</span>]]
 +
:[[Raspberry Pi|<span style="color:#ffffff; background:#864199">&nbsp;&nbsp;'''Raspberry Pi'''&nbsp;&nbsp;</span>]]
  
−
    '''uptime''' – print up time and load
+
==Hand-Curated Links==
 +
Links to member-recommended external sites:
 +
:'''[[wikipedia:List_of_free_and_open-source_software_packages|List of free and open-source software packages]]''' — on Wikipedia
 +
:'''[https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/powershell/scripting/learn/more-powershell-learning?view=powershell-7.4 PowerShell learning resources]''' — on learn.Microsoft.com
  
−
=== User and Group Management ===
+
==For Additional Help==
−
    '''groupadd''' – create a new group
+
:Use the PPM Slack channel #computing
−
    '''groupdel''' – delete a group
+
:[[How To Slack#PPM Channel Names and Descriptions|'''List of all PPM Slack channels''']]
−
    '''groups''' – show group memberships
+
:Note that we have a Slack channel (#job-board) for members to post, discuss, or accept job opportunities either within PPM or from the&nbsp;community.<br>
−
    '''id''' – return user identity
+
{{Template:Footer}}
−
    '''passwd''' – modify a user's password
+
{{Template:Ideas into reality}}
−
    '''useradd''' – create a new user or update default new user info
+
<p style="padding:0.2em 0.4em; background:#ff6c00; color:#FFFFFF; font-size:15%;"> &nbsp; </p>
−
    '''userdel''' – delete a user account and related files
+
[[Category:Software]]
−
    '''usermod''' – modify a user account
 
−
    '''who''' – print effective user ID
 
−
    '''whoami''' – print the user name
 

Revision as of 19:04, 29 April 2024

Level 1 badge used at Pikes Peak Makerspace

Learn about the software that we have installed for all our members at Pikes Peak Makerspace (PPM).

Use of software installed on PPM computers does not require any additional required training (Level 1).


 


Welcome banner

Linux Tools for Beginners

Command Line

    apropos – search the manual page names and descriptions

    clear – clear the terminal screen

    code – launch Visual Studio Code (macOS)

    echo – display a line of text

    help – list of shell commands

    history – track input from the user a line at a time

    info – read the info documents

    man – interface to the on-line reference manuals

    say – convert text to audible speech

    scrot – command line screen capture utility

    whatis – display one-line manual page descriptions

File and Directory Management

    alias – define or display aliases

    cd – change the current directory

    chown – change file owner and group

    cp – copy files and directories

    dd – convert and copy a file

    dir – list directory contents

    file – determine file type

    git – fast, scalable, distributed revision control system

    ls – list directory contents

    mkdir – make directories

    mv – move (rename) files

    pwd – print working directory

    rm – remove files or directories

    scp – secure copy

    touch – change file timestamps

File Editing

    awk – pattern scanning and text processing language

    cut – remove sections from each line of files

    geany – a small and lightweight IDE  (Raspberry Pi)

    gzip – compress or expand files

    nano – Nano's ANOther editor, an enhanced free Pico clone

    open – open files and directories

    scratch – easy to use interactive programming environment  (Raspberry Pi)

    sed – stream editor

    tar – manipulate tape archives

    unzip – list, test and extract compressed files in a ZIP archive

    vim – Vi IMproved, a programmers text editor

File Transfer

    curl – transfer a URL

    wget – non-interactive download of files

File Viewing

    cat – concatenate and print files

    diff – compare 2 files line by line

    find – search for files in a directory hierarchy

    grep – print lines that match patterns

    head – output the first part of files

    less – opposite of more

    look – display lines beginning with a given string

    more – page through text one screenful at a time

    tail – output the last part of files

    wc – word counts, and line and byte counts

    zgrep – search compressed files

Math Functions

    bc – basic calculator

    dc – RPN “Desktop Calculator”

    log – natural logarithmic function

    mathematica – open the app (Raspberry Pi)

    sin – sine function

Network Config

    ifconfig – configure network interface parameters

    ss – utility to investigate sockets

    ssh – OpenSSH SSH client (remote login program)

Network Monitoring

    ping – send ICMP ECHO_REQUEST packets to network hosts

    nc – arbitrary TCP and UDP connections and listens

    netstat – show network status

    traceroute – print the route packets take to network host

Package Management

    apt-get – APT package handling utility

    apt – APT package handling utility

    dnf – Fedora, successor to YUM

    dpkg – package manager for Debian

    homebrew – for macOS or Linux

    rpm – Red Hat and CentOS

    snap – for Ubuntu

    which – locate a program file in the user's path

    yum – Yellowdog Updater Modified (Fedora)

    zypper – for OpenSUSE

Process Management

    bg – run a job/process in the background

    fg – run a job/process in the foreground

    halt – halt, power-off or reboot the machine

    htop – human readable table of processes

    jobs – list all jobs; active, stopped, or otherwise

    kill – terminate or signal a process

    killall – kill processes by name

    ps – process status

    pstree – display a tree of processes

    reboot – halt, power-off or reboot the machine

    shutdown – halt, power-off or reboot the machine

    sudo – execute a command as another user

    tmux – terminal multiplexer

    top – table of processes

System Info

    arch – print machine hardware name (architecture)

    date – print or set the system date and time

    df – display free disk space

    du – display disk usage statistics

    fc-list – list available fonts  (Raspberry Pi)

    free – display amount of free and used memory in the system

    hostname – show or set the system's host name

    lsblk – list block devices

    lscpu – list information about the CPU architecture

    lshw – list hardware

    lsusb – list USB devices

    time – get time in seconds

    uname – print operating system name

    uptime – print up time and load

User and Group Management

    groupadd – create a new group

    groupdel – delete a group

    groups – show group memberships

    id – return user identity

    passwd – modify a user's password

    useradd – create a new user or update default new user info

    userdel – delete a user account and related files

    usermod – modify a user account

    who – print effective user ID

    whoami – print the user name

Classes

PPM announces its Upcoming events, including classes, on Meetup

Training

Links to external sites — Cheatography.com

44 Ubuntu Cheat Sheets

Bash Cheat Sheets

Related Pages

Links to related PPM Wiki pages:

GitHub Tips
  Ubuntu  
  Computers — Mac and Apple  
  Computers — Windows  
  Infrastructure at PPM  
  Raspberry Pi  

Hand-Curated Links

Links to member-recommended external sites:

List of free and open-source software packages — on Wikipedia
PowerShell learning resources — on learn.Microsoft.com

For Additional Help

Use the PPM Slack channel #computing
List of all PPM Slack channels
Note that we have a Slack channel (#job-board) for members to post, discuss, or accept job opportunities either within PPM or from the community.

PPM Tool Color Map — Interactive

Search the PPM Wiki — include both Content pages and Multimedia

Contact Us if you cannot find your answer here on our Wiki, or if you notice some info is outdated.

Pikes Peak Makerspace (PPM) is dedicated to supporting our maker community in their creative processes by providing shared space, shared tools, materials, software and a knowledge base to turn their ideas into reality.

 

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