Difference between revisions of "Linux Tools"
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=== Command Line === | === Command Line === | ||
| − | '''apropos''' – search the manual page names and descriptions | + | '''<code>apropos</code>''' – search the manual page names and descriptions |
| − | '''clear''' – clear the terminal screen | + | '''<code>clear</code>''' – clear the terminal screen |
| − | '''code''' – launch Visual Studio Code (macOS) | + | '''<code>code</code>''' – launch Visual Studio Code (macOS) |
| − | '''echo''' – display a line of text | + | '''<code>echo</code>''' – display a line of text |
| − | '''help''' – list of shell commands | + | '''<code>help</code>''' – list of shell commands |
| − | '''history''' – track input from the user a line at a time | + | '''<code>history</code>''' – track input from the user a line at a time |
| − | '''info''' – read the info documents | + | '''<code>info</code>''' – read the info documents |
| − | '''man''' – interface to the on-line reference manuals | + | '''<code>man</code>''' – interface to the on-line reference manuals |
| − | '''say''' – convert text to audible speech | + | '''<code>say</code>''' – convert text to audible speech |
| − | '''scrot''' – command line screen capture utility | + | '''<code>scrot</code>''' – command line screen capture utility |
| − | '''whatis''' – display one-line manual page descriptions | + | '''<code>whatis</code>''' – display one-line manual page descriptions |
=== File and Directory Management === | === File and Directory Management === | ||
| − | '''alias''' – define or display aliases | + | '''<code>alias</code>''' – define or display aliases |
| − | '''cd''' – change the current directory | + | '''<code>cd</code>''' – change the current directory |
| − | '''chown''' – change file owner and group | + | '''<code>chown</code>''' – change file owner and group |
| − | '''cp''' – copy files and directories | + | '''<code>cp</code>''' – copy files and directories |
| − | '''dd''' – convert and copy a file | + | '''<code>dd</code>''' – convert and copy a file |
| − | '''dir''' – list directory contents | + | '''<code>dir</code>''' – list directory contents |
| − | '''file''' – determine file type | + | '''<code>file</code>''' – determine file type |
| − | '''git''' – fast, scalable, distributed revision control system | + | '''<code>git</code>''' – fast, scalable, distributed revision control system |
| − | '''ls''' – list directory contents | + | '''<code>ls</code>''' – list directory contents |
| − | '''mkdir''' – make directories | + | '''<code>mkdir</code>''' – make directories |
| − | '''mv''' – move (rename) files | + | '''<code>mv</code>''' – move (rename) files |
| − | '''pwd''' – print working directory | + | '''<code>pwd</code>''' – print working directory |
| − | '''rm''' – remove files or directories | + | '''<code>rm</code>''' – remove files or directories |
| − | '''scp''' – secure copy | + | '''<code>scp</code>''' – secure copy |
| − | '''touch''' – change file timestamps | + | '''<code>touch</code>''' – change file timestamps |
=== File Editing === | === File Editing === | ||
| − | '''awk''' – pattern scanning and text processing language | + | '''<code>awk</code>''' – pattern scanning and text processing language |
| − | '''cut''' – remove sections from each line of files | + | '''<code>cut</code>''' – remove sections from each line of files |
| − | '''geany''' – a small and lightweight IDE (Raspberry Pi) | + | '''<code>geany</code>''' – a small and lightweight IDE (Raspberry Pi) |
| − | '''gzip''' – compress or expand files | + | '''<code>gzip</code>''' – compress or expand files |
| − | '''nano''' – Nano's ANOther editor, an enhanced free Pico clone | + | '''<code>nano</code>''' – Nano's ANOther editor, an enhanced free Pico clone |
| − | '''open''' – open files and directories | + | '''<code>open</code>''' – open files and directories |
| − | '''scratch''' – easy to use interactive programming environment (Raspberry Pi) | + | '''<code>scratch</code>''' – easy to use interactive programming environment (Raspberry Pi) |
| − | '''sed''' – stream editor | + | '''<code>sed</code>''' – stream editor |
| − | '''tar''' – manipulate tape archives | + | '''<code>tar</code>''' – manipulate tape archives |
| − | '''unzip''' – list, test and extract compressed files in a ZIP archive | + | '''<code>unzip</code>''' – list, test and extract compressed files in a ZIP archive |
| − | '''vim''' – Vi IMproved, a programmers text editor | + | '''<code>vim</code>''' – Vi IMproved, a programmers text editor |
===File Transfer=== | ===File Transfer=== | ||
| − | '''curl''' – transfer a URL | + | '''<code>curl</code>''' – transfer a URL |
| − | '''wget''' – non-interactive download of files | + | '''<code>wget</code>''' – non-interactive download of files |
===File Viewing=== | ===File Viewing=== | ||
| − | '''cat''' – concatenate and print files | + | '''<code>cat</code>''' – concatenate and print files |
| − | '''diff''' – compare 2 files line by line | + | '''<code>diff</code>''' – compare 2 files line by line |
| − | '''find''' – search for files in a directory hierarchy | + | '''<code>find</code>''' – search for files in a directory hierarchy |
| − | '''grep''' – print lines that match patterns | + | '''<code>grep</code>''' – print lines that match patterns |
| − | '''head''' – output the first part of files | + | '''<code>head</code>''' – output the first part of files |
| − | '''less''' – opposite of more | + | '''<code>less</code>''' – opposite of more |
| − | '''look''' – display lines beginning with a given string | + | '''<code>look</code>''' – display lines beginning with a given string |
| − | '''more''' – page through text one screenful at a time | + | '''<code>more</code>''' – page through text one screenful at a time |
| − | '''tail''' – output the last part of files | + | '''<code>tail</code>''' – output the last part of files |
| − | '''wc''' – word counts, and line and byte counts | + | '''<code>wc</code>''' – word counts, and line and byte counts |
| − | '''zgrep''' – search compressed files | + | '''<code>zgrep</code>''' – search compressed files |
===Math Functions=== | ===Math Functions=== | ||
| − | '''bc''' – basic calculator | + | '''<code>bc</code>''' – basic calculator |
| − | '''dc''' – RPN “Desktop Calculator” | + | '''<code>dc</code>''' – RPN “Desktop Calculator” |
| − | '''log''' – natural logarithmic function | + | '''<code>log</code>''' – natural logarithmic function |
| − | '''mathematica''' – open the app (Raspberry Pi) | + | '''<code>mathematica</code>''' – open the app (Raspberry Pi) |
| − | '''sin''' – sine function | + | '''<code>sin</code>''' – sine function |
===Network Config=== | ===Network Config=== | ||
| − | '''ifconfig''' – configure network interface parameters | + | '''<code>ifconfig</code>''' – configure network interface parameters |
| − | '''ss''' – utility to investigate sockets | + | '''<code>ss</code>''' – utility to investigate sockets |
| − | '''ssh''' – OpenSSH SSH client (remote login program) | + | '''<code>ssh</code>''' – OpenSSH SSH client (remote login program) |
===Network Monitoring=== | ===Network Monitoring=== | ||
| − | '''ping''' – send ICMP ECHO_REQUEST packets to network hosts | + | '''<code>ping</code>''' – send ICMP ECHO_REQUEST packets to network hosts |
| − | '''nc''' – arbitrary TCP and UDP connections and listens | + | '''<code>nc</code>''' – arbitrary TCP and UDP connections and listens |
| − | '''netstat''' – show network status | + | '''<code>netstat</code>''' – show network status |
| − | '''traceroute''' – print the route packets take to network host | + | '''<code>traceroute</code>''' – print the route packets take to network host |
===Package Management === | ===Package Management === | ||
| − | '''apt-get''' – APT package handling utility | + | '''<code>apt-get</code>''' – APT package handling utility |
| − | '''apt''' – APT package handling utility | + | '''<code>apt</code>''' – APT package handling utility |
| − | '''dnf''' – Fedora, successor to YUM | + | '''<code>dnf</code>''' – Fedora, successor to YUM |
| − | '''dpkg''' – package manager for Debian | + | '''<code>dpkg</code>''' – package manager for Debian |
| − | '''homebrew''' – for macOS or Linux | + | '''<code>homebrew</code>''' – for macOS or Linux |
| − | '''rpm''' – Red Hat and CentOS | + | '''<code>rpm</code>''' – Red Hat and CentOS |
| − | '''snap''' – for Ubuntu | + | '''<code>snap</code>''' – for Ubuntu |
| − | '''which''' – locate a program file in the user's path | + | '''<code>which</code>''' – locate a program file in the user's path |
| − | '''yum''' – Yellowdog Updater Modified (Fedora) | + | '''<code>yum</code>''' – Yellowdog Updater Modified (Fedora) |
| − | '''zypper''' – for OpenSUSE | + | '''<code>zypper</code>''' – for OpenSUSE |
=== Process Management=== | === Process Management=== | ||
| − | '''bg''' – run a job/process in the background | + | '''<code>bg</code>''' – run a job/process in the background |
| − | '''fg''' – run a job/process in the foreground | + | '''<code>fg</code>''' – run a job/process in the foreground |
| − | '''halt''' – halt, power-off or reboot the machine | + | '''<code>halt</code>''' – halt, power-off or reboot the machine |
| − | '''htop''' – human readable table of processes | + | '''<code>htop</code>''' – human readable table of processes |
| − | '''jobs''' – list all jobs; active, stopped, or otherwise | + | '''<code>jobs</code>''' – list all jobs; active, stopped, or otherwise |
| − | '''kill''' – terminate or signal a process | + | '''<code>kill</code>''' – terminate or signal a process |
| − | '''killall''' – kill processes by name | + | '''<code>killall</code>''' – kill processes by name |
| − | '''ps''' – process status | + | '''<code>ps</code>''' – process status |
| − | '''pstree''' – display a tree of processes | + | '''<code>pstree</code>''' – display a tree of processes |
| − | '''reboot''' – halt, power-off or reboot the machine | + | '''<code>reboot</code>''' – halt, power-off or reboot the machine |
| − | '''shutdown''' – halt, power-off or reboot the machine | + | '''<code>shutdown</code>''' – halt, power-off or reboot the machine |
| − | '''sudo''' – execute a command as another user | + | '''<code>sudo</code>''' – execute a command as another user |
| − | '''tmux''' – terminal multiplexer | + | '''<code>tmux</code>''' – terminal multiplexer |
| − | '''top''' – table of processes | + | '''<code>top</code>''' – table of processes |
===System Info=== | ===System Info=== | ||
| − | '''arch''' – print machine hardware name (architecture) | + | '''<code>arch</code>''' – print machine hardware name (architecture) |
| − | '''date''' – print or set the system date and time | + | '''<code>date</code>''' – print or set the system date and time |
| − | '''df''' – display free disk space | + | '''<code>df</code>''' – display free disk space |
| − | '''du''' – display disk usage statistics | + | '''<code>du</code>''' – display disk usage statistics |
| − | '''fc-list''' – list available fonts (Raspberry Pi) | + | '''<code>fc-list</code>''' – list available fonts (Raspberry Pi) |
| − | '''free''' – display amount of free and used memory in the system | + | '''<code>free</code>''' – display amount of free and used memory in the system |
| − | '''hostname''' – show or set the system's host name | + | '''<code>hostname</code>''' – show or set the system's host name |
| − | '''lsblk''' – list block devices | + | '''<code>lsblk</code>''' – list block devices |
| − | '''lscpu''' – list information about the CPU architecture | + | '''<code>lscpu</code>''' – list information about the CPU architecture |
| − | '''lshw''' – list hardware | + | '''<code>lshw</code>''' – list hardware |
| − | '''lsusb''' – list USB devices | + | '''<code>lsusb</code>''' – list USB devices |
| − | '''time''' – get time in seconds | + | '''<code>time</code>''' – get time in seconds |
| − | '''uname''' – print operating system name | + | '''<code>uname</code>''' – print operating system name |
| − | '''uptime''' – print up time and load | + | '''<code>uptime</code>''' – print up time and load |
===User and Group Management=== | ===User and Group Management=== | ||
| − | '''groupadd''' – create a new group | + | '''<code>groupadd</code>''' – create a new group |
| − | '''groupdel''' – delete a group | + | '''<code>groupdel</code>''' – delete a group |
| − | '''groups''' – show group memberships | + | '''<code>groups</code>''' – show group memberships |
| − | '''id''' – return user identity | + | '''<code>id</code>''' – return user identity |
| − | '''passwd''' – modify a user's password | + | '''<code>passwd</code>''' – modify a user's password |
| − | '''useradd''' – create a new user or update default new user info | + | '''<code>useradd</code>''' – create a new user or update default new user info |
| − | '''userdel''' – delete a user account and related files | + | '''<code>userdel</code>''' – delete a user account and related files |
| − | '''usermod''' – modify a user account | + | '''<code>usermod</code>''' – modify a user account |
| − | '''who''' – print effective user ID | + | '''<code>who</code>''' – print effective user ID |
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| + | '''<code>whoami</code>''' – print the user name | ||
| + | ==Classes== | ||
| + | PPM announces its [https://www.meetup.com/pikespeakmakerspace/events '''Upcoming events, including classes, on Meetup'''] | ||
| + | ==Training== | ||
| + | Links to external sites — Cheatography.com | ||
| + | ===[https://cheatography.com/tag/ubuntu/ 44 Ubuntu Cheat Sheets]=== | ||
| + | ===[https://cheatography.com/tag/bash/ Bash Cheat Sheets]=== | ||
==Related Pages== | ==Related Pages== | ||
Links to related PPM Wiki pages: | Links to related PPM Wiki pages: | ||
Latest revision as of 19:04, 29 April 2024
Learn about the software that we have installed for all our members at Pikes Peak Makerspace (PPM).
Use of software installed on PPM computers does not require any additional required training (Level 1).
Linux Tools for Beginners
Command Line
apropos – search the manual page names and descriptions
clear – clear the terminal screen
code – launch Visual Studio Code (macOS)
echo – display a line of text
help – list of shell commands
history – track input from the user a line at a time
info – read the info documents
man – interface to the on-line reference manuals
say – convert text to audible speech
scrot – command line screen capture utility
whatis – display one-line manual page descriptions
File and Directory Management
alias – define or display aliases
cd – change the current directory
chown – change file owner and group
cp – copy files and directories
dd – convert and copy a file
dir – list directory contents
file – determine file type
git – fast, scalable, distributed revision control system
ls – list directory contents
mkdir – make directories
mv – move (rename) files
pwd – print working directory
rm – remove files or directories
scp – secure copy
touch – change file timestamps
File Editing
awk – pattern scanning and text processing language
cut – remove sections from each line of files
geany – a small and lightweight IDE (Raspberry Pi)
gzip – compress or expand files
nano – Nano's ANOther editor, an enhanced free Pico clone
open – open files and directories
scratch – easy to use interactive programming environment (Raspberry Pi)
sed – stream editor
tar – manipulate tape archives
unzip – list, test and extract compressed files in a ZIP archive
vim – Vi IMproved, a programmers text editor
File Transfer
curl – transfer a URL
wget – non-interactive download of files
File Viewing
cat – concatenate and print files
diff – compare 2 files line by line
find – search for files in a directory hierarchy
grep – print lines that match patterns
head – output the first part of files
less – opposite of more
look – display lines beginning with a given string
more – page through text one screenful at a time
tail – output the last part of files
wc – word counts, and line and byte counts
zgrep – search compressed files
Math Functions
bc – basic calculator
dc – RPN “Desktop Calculator”
log – natural logarithmic function
mathematica – open the app (Raspberry Pi)
sin – sine function
Network Config
ifconfig – configure network interface parameters
ss – utility to investigate sockets
ssh – OpenSSH SSH client (remote login program)
Network Monitoring
ping – send ICMP ECHO_REQUEST packets to network hosts
nc – arbitrary TCP and UDP connections and listens
netstat – show network status
traceroute – print the route packets take to network host
Package Management
apt-get – APT package handling utility
apt – APT package handling utility
dnf – Fedora, successor to YUM
dpkg – package manager for Debian
homebrew – for macOS or Linux
rpm – Red Hat and CentOS
snap – for Ubuntu
which – locate a program file in the user's path
yum – Yellowdog Updater Modified (Fedora)
zypper – for OpenSUSE
Process Management
bg – run a job/process in the background
fg – run a job/process in the foreground
halt – halt, power-off or reboot the machine
htop – human readable table of processes
jobs – list all jobs; active, stopped, or otherwise
kill – terminate or signal a process
killall – kill processes by name
ps – process status
pstree – display a tree of processes
reboot – halt, power-off or reboot the machine
shutdown – halt, power-off or reboot the machine
sudo – execute a command as another user
tmux – terminal multiplexer
top – table of processes
System Info
arch – print machine hardware name (architecture)
date – print or set the system date and time
df – display free disk space
du – display disk usage statistics
fc-list – list available fonts (Raspberry Pi)
free – display amount of free and used memory in the system
hostname – show or set the system's host name
lsblk – list block devices
lscpu – list information about the CPU architecture
lshw – list hardware
lsusb – list USB devices
time – get time in seconds
uname – print operating system name
uptime – print up time and load
User and Group Management
groupadd – create a new group
groupdel – delete a group
groups – show group memberships
id – return user identity
passwd – modify a user's password
useradd – create a new user or update default new user info
userdel – delete a user account and related files
usermod – modify a user account
who – print effective user ID
whoami – print the user name
Classes
PPM announces its Upcoming events, including classes, on Meetup
Training
Links to external sites — Cheatography.com
44 Ubuntu Cheat Sheets
Bash Cheat Sheets
Related Pages
Links to related PPM Wiki pages:
Hand-Curated Links
Links to member-recommended external sites:
- List of free and open-source software packages — on Wikipedia
- PowerShell learning resources — on learn.Microsoft.com
For Additional Help
- Use the PPM Slack channel #computing
- List of all PPM Slack channels
- Note that we have a Slack channel (#job-board) for members to post, discuss, or accept job opportunities either within PPM or from the community.
- PPM Tool Color Map — Interactive
- Search the PPM Wiki — include both Content pages and Multimedia
- Contact Us if you cannot find your answer here on our Wiki, or you notice something is outdated.
Pikes Peak Makerspace (PPM) is dedicated to supporting our maker community in their creative processes by providing shared space, shared tools, materials, software and a knowledge base to turn their ideas into reality.