Difference between revisions of "Linux Tools"

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[[File:Level 1 badge.png|alt=Level 1 badge used at Pikes Peak Makerspace|left|frameless|100x100px|PPM MEMBER USE]]
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'''Learn about the software that we have installed for all our members''' at Pikes Peak Makerspace (PPM).
 +
<br>
 +
<br>
 +
 +
Use of software installed on PPM computers does not require any additional required training (Level 1).
 +
<br>
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<br>
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<br>
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<p style="padding:0.2em 0.4em; background:#ff6c00; color:#FFFFFF; font-size:15%;"> &nbsp; </p>
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<br>
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[[File:Burst.png|alt=Welcome banner|right|frameless|250x250px]]
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== '''Linux Tools for Beginners''' ==
 
== '''Linux Tools for Beginners''' ==
  
 
=== Command Line ===
 
=== Command Line ===
−
    '''apropos''' – search the manual page names and descriptions
+
    '''<code>apropos</code>''' – search the manual page names and descriptions
 +
 
 +
    '''<code>clear</code>''' – clear the terminal screen
 +
 
 +
    '''<code>code</code>''' – launch Visual Studio Code (macOS)
 +
 
 +
    '''<code>echo</code>''' – display a line of text
 +
 
 +
    '''<code>help</code>''' – list of shell commands
 +
 
 +
    '''<code>history</code>''' – track input from the user a line at a time
 +
 
 +
    '''<code>info</code>''' – read the info documents
 +
 
 +
    '''<code>man</code>''' – interface to the on-line reference manuals
 +
 
 +
    '''<code>say</code>''' – convert text to audible speech
 +
 
 +
    '''<code>scrot</code>''' – command line screen capture utility
  
−
    '''clear''' – clear the terminal screen
+
    '''<code>whatis</code>''' – display one-line manual page descriptions
  
−
    '''echo''' – display a line of text
+
=== File and Directory Management ===
 +
    '''<code>alias</code>''' – define or display aliases
  
−
    '''help''' – list of shell commands
+
    '''<code>cd</code>''' – change the current directory
  
−
    '''history''' – track input from the user a line at a time
+
    '''<code>chown</code>''' – change file owner and group
  
−
    '''info''' – read the info documents
+
    '''<code>cp</code>''' – copy files and directories
  
−
    '''man''' – interface to the on-line reference manuals
+
    '''<code>dd</code>''' – convert and copy a file
  
−
    '''scrot''' – command line screen capture utility
+
    '''<code>dir</code>''' – list directory contents
  
−
    '''whatis''' – display one-line manual page descriptions
+
    '''<code>file</code>''' – determine file type
  
−
=== Math Functions ===
+
    '''<code>git</code>''' – fast, scalable, distributed revision control system
−
    '''bc''' – basic calculator
 
  
−
    '''dc''' – RPN “Desktop Calculator”
+
    '''<code>ls</code>''' – list directory contents
  
−
    '''log''' – natural logarithmic function
+
    '''<code>mkdir</code>''' – make directories
  
−
    '''mathematica''' – open the app (Raspberry Pi)
+
    '''<code>mv</code>''' – move (rename) files
  
−
    '''sin''' – sine function
+
    '''<code>pwd</code>''' – print working directory
  
−
=== File and Directory Management ===
+
    '''<code>rm</code>''' – remove files or directories
−
    '''alias''' – define or display aliases
 
  
−
    '''cd''' – change the current directory
+
    '''<code>scp</code>''' – secure copy
  
−
    '''chown''' – change file owner and group
+
    '''<code>touch</code>''' – change file timestamps
  
−
    '''cp''' – copy files and directories
+
    '''<code>which</code>''' – locate a program file in the user's path
  
−
    '''dd''' – convert and copy a file
+
=== File Editing ===
 +
    '''<code>awk</code>''' – pattern scanning and text processing language
  
−
    '''dir''' – list directory contents
+
    '''<code>cut</code>''' – remove sections from each line of files
  
−
    '''file''' – determine file type
+
    '''<code>geany</code>''' – [https://www.geany.org/ a small and lightweight IDE (Raspberry Pi)]
  
−
    '''git''' – fast, scalable, distributed revision control system
+
    '''<code>gzip</code>''' – compress or expand files
  
−
    '''ls''' – list directory contents
+
    '''<code>nano</code>''' – Nano's ANOther editor, an enhanced free Pico clone
  
−
    '''mkdir''' – make directories
+
    '''<code>open</code>''' – open files and directories
  
−
    '''mv''' – move (rename) files
+
    '''<code>pandoc</code>''' – [https://pandoc.org/ universal document converter]
  
−
    '''pwd''' – print working directory
+
    '''<code>scratch</code>''' – [https://scratch.mit.edu/ easy to use interactive programming environment (Raspberry Pi)]
  
−
    '''rm''' – remove files or directories
+
    '''<code>sed</code>''' – stream editor
  
−
    '''scp''' – secure copy
+
    '''<code>tar</code>''' – manipulate tape archives
  
−
    '''touch''' – change file timestamps
+
    '''<code>unzip</code>''' – list, test and extract compressed files in a ZIP archive
  
−
=== File Editing ===
+
    '''<code>vim</code>''' – Vi IMproved, a programmers text editor
−
    '''awk''' – pattern scanning and text processing language
 
  
−
    '''cut''' – remove sections from each line of files
+
===File Transfer===
 +
    '''<code>curl</code>''' – transfer a URL
  
−
    '''expand''' – convert tabs to spaces
+
    '''<code>wget</code>''' – non-interactive download of files
  
−
    '''geany''' – a small and lightweight IDE  (Raspberry Pi)
+
===File Viewing===
 +
    '''<code>cat</code>''' – concatenate and print files
  
−
    '''gzip''' – compress or expand files
+
    '''<code>diff</code>''' – compare 2 files line by line
  
−
    '''nano''' – Nano's ANOther editor, an enhanced free Pico clone
+
    '''<code>find</code>''' – search for files in a directory hierarchy
  
−
    '''scratch''' – easy to use interactive programming environment  (Raspberry Pi)
+
    '''<code>grep</code>''' – print lines that match patterns
  
−
    '''sed''' – stream editor
+
    '''<code>head</code>''' – output the first part of files
  
−
    '''tar''' – manipulate tape archives
+
    '''<code>jq</code>''' – [https://jqlang.github.io/jq/ lightweight and flexible command-line JSON processor]
  
−
    '''vim''' – Vi IMproved, a programmers text editor
+
    '''<code>less</code>''' – opposite of more
  
−
=== File Transfer ===
+
    '''<code>look</code>''' – display lines beginning with a given string
−
    '''curl''' – transfer a URL
 
  
−
    '''wget''' – non-interactive download of files
+
    '''<code>more</code>''' – page through text one screenful at a time
  
−
=== File Viewing ===
+
    '''<code>tail</code>''' – output the last part of files
−
    '''cat''' – concatenate and print files
 
  
−
    '''diff''' – compare 2 files line by line
+
    '''<code>wc</code>''' – word counts, and line and byte counts
  
−
    '''find''' – search for files in a directory hierarchy
+
    '''<code>zgrep</code>''' – search compressed files
  
−
    '''grep''' – print lines that match patterns
+
===Math Functions===
 +
    '''<code>bc</code>''' – basic calculator
  
−
    '''head''' – output the first part of files
+
    '''<code>dc</code>''' – RPN “Desktop Calculator”
  
−
    '''less''' – opposite of more
+
    '''<code>log</code>''' – natural logarithmic function
  
−
    '''more''' – page through text one screenful at a time
+
    '''<code>mathematica</code>''' – [https://www.wolfram.com/raspberry-pi/ open the app (Raspberry Pi)]
  
−
    '''open''' and possibly create a file
+
    '''<code>sin</code>''' – sine function
  
−
    '''tail''' – output the last part of files
+
===Network Config===
 +
    '''<code>ifconfig</code>''' – configure network interface parameters
  
−
    '''wc''' – word counts, and line and byte counts
+
    '''<code>ss</code>''' – utility to investigate sockets
  
−
    '''zgrep''' – search compressed files
+
    '''<code>ssh</code>''' – OpenSSH SSH client (remote login program)
  
−
=== Network Config ===
+
===Network Monitoring===
−
    '''ifconfig''' – configure network interface parameters
+
    '''<code>ping</code>''' – send ICMP ECHO_REQUEST packets to network hosts
  
−
    '''ss''' – utility to investigate sockets
+
    '''<code>nc</code>''' – arbitrary TCP and UDP connections and listens
  
−
    '''ssh''' – OpenSSH SSH client (remote login program)
+
    '''<code>netstat</code>''' – show network status
  
−
=== Network Monitoring ===
+
    '''<code>traceroute</code>''' – print the route packets take to network host
−
    '''ping''' – send ICMP ECHO_REQUEST packets to network hosts
 
  
−
    '''nc''' – arbitrary TCP and UDP connections and listens
+
===Package Managers ===
 +
    '''<code>apt</code>''' – APT package handling utility
  
−
    '''netstat''' – show network status
+
    '''<code>apt-get</code>''' – APT package handling utility
  
−
    '''traceroute''' – print the route packets take to network host
+
    '''<code>dnf</code>''' – for Fedora, (successor to YUM)
  
−
=== Package Management ===
+
    '''<code>dpkg</code>''' – for Debian
−
    '''apt-get''' – APT package handling utility
 
  
−
    '''apt''' – APT package handling utility
+
    '''<code>homebrew</code>''' – for macOS or Linux
  
−
    '''dnf''' – Fedora, successor to YUM
+
    '''<code>rpm</code>''' – for Red Hat and CentOS
  
−
    '''dpkg''' – package manager for Debian
+
    '''<code>snap</code>''' – for Ubuntu
  
−
    '''homebrew''' – for macOS or Linux
+
    '''<code>yum</code>''' – for Fedora (Yellowdog Updater Modified)
  
−
    '''rpm''' – Red Hat and CentOS
+
    '''<code>zypper</code>''' – for OpenSUSE
  
−
    '''snap''' – for Ubuntu
+
=== Process Management===
 +
    '''<code>bg</code>''' – run a job/process in the background
  
−
    '''yum''' – Yellowdog Updater Modified (Fedora)
+
    '''<code>fg</code>''' – run a job/process in the foreground
  
−
    '''zypper''' – for OpenSUSE
+
    '''<code>halt</code>''' – halt, power-off or reboot the machine
  
−
=== Process Management ===
+
    '''<code>htop</code>''' – human readable table of processes
−
    '''bg''' – run a job/process in the background
 
  
−
    '''fg''' – run a job/process in the foreground
+
    '''<code>jobs</code>''' – list all jobs; active, stopped, or otherwise
  
−
    '''halt''' – halt, power-off or reboot the machine
+
    '''<code>kill</code>''' – terminate or signal a process
  
−
    '''htop''' – human readable table of processes
+
    '''<code>killall</code>''' – kill processes by name
  
−
    '''jobs''' – list all jobs; active, stopped, or otherwise
+
    '''<code>ps</code>''' – process status
  
−
    '''kill''' – terminate or signal a process
+
    '''<code>pstree</code>''' – display a tree of processes
  
−
    '''killall''' – kill processes by name
+
    '''<code>reboot</code>''' – halt, power-off or reboot the machine
  
−
    '''ps''' – process status
+
    '''<code>shutdown</code>''' – halt, power-off or reboot the machine
  
−
    '''pstree''' – display a tree of processes
+
    '''<code>sudo</code>''' – execute a command as another user
  
−
    '''reboot''' – halt, power-off or reboot the machine
+
    '''<code>tmux</code>''' – terminal multiplexer
  
−
    '''shutdown''' – halt, power-off or reboot the machine
+
    '''<code>top</code>''' – table of processes
  
−
    '''sudo''' – execute a command as another user
+
===System Info===
 +
    '''<code>arch</code>''' – print machine hardware name (architecture)
  
−
'''tmux''' – terminal multiplexer
+
    '''<code>date</code>''' – print or set the system date and time
  
−
    '''top''' – table of processes
+
    '''<code>df</code>''' – display free disk space
  
−
=== System Info ===
+
    '''<code>du</code>''' – display disk usage statistics
−
    '''arch''' – Print machine hardware name (architecture)
 
  
−
    '''date''' – print or set the system date and time
+
    '''<code>fc-list</code>''' – list available fonts  (Raspberry Pi)
  
−
    '''df''' – display free disk space
+
    '''<code>free</code>''' – display amount of free and used memory in the system
  
−
    '''du''' – display disk usage statistics
+
    '''<code>hostname</code>''' – show or set the system's host name
  
−
    '''fc-list''' – list available fonts  (Raspberry Pi)
+
    '''<code>lsblk</code>''' – list block devices
  
−
    '''free''' – display amount of free and used memory in the system
+
    '''<code>lscpu</code>''' – list information about the CPU architecture
  
−
    '''hostname''' – show or set the system's host name
+
    '''<code>lshw</code>''' – list hardware
  
−
    '''lsblk''' – list block devices
+
    '''<code>lsusb</code>''' – list USB devices
  
−
    '''lscpu''' – list information about the CPU architecture
+
    '''<code>time</code>''' – get time in seconds
  
−
    '''lshw''' – list hardware
+
    '''<code>uname</code>''' – print operating system name
  
−
    '''lsusb''' – list USB devices
+
    '''<code>uptime</code>''' – print up time and load
  
−
    '''time''' – get time in seconds
+
===User and Group Management===
 +
    '''<code>groupadd</code>''' – create a new group
  
−
    '''uname''' – print operating system name
+
    '''<code>groupdel</code>''' – delete a group
  
−
    '''uptime''' – print up time and load
+
    '''<code>groups</code>''' – show group memberships
  
−
=== User and Group Management ===
+
    '''<code>id</code>''' – return user identity
−
    '''groupadd''' – create a new group
 
  
−
    '''groupdel''' – delete a group
+
    '''<code>passwd</code>''' – modify a user's password
  
−
    '''groups''' – show group memberships
+
    '''<code>useradd</code>''' – create a new user or update default new user info
  
−
    '''id''' – return user identity
+
    '''<code>userdel</code>''' – delete a user account and related files
  
−
    '''passwd''' – modify a user's password
+
    '''<code>usermod</code>''' – modify a user account
  
−
    '''useradd''' – create a new user or update default new user info
+
    '''<code>who</code>''' – print effective user ID
  
−
    '''userdel''' – delete a user account and related files
+
    '''<code>whoami</code>''' – print the user name
 +
==Classes==
 +
PPM announces its [https://www.meetup.com/pikespeakmakerspace/events '''Upcoming events, including classes, on Meetup''']
 +
==Training==
 +
Links to external sites — Cheatography.com
 +
===[https://cheatography.com/tag/ubuntu/ 44 Ubuntu Cheat Sheets]===
 +
===[https://cheatography.com/tag/bash/ Bash Cheat Sheets]===
 +
==Related Pages==
 +
Links to related PPM Wiki pages:
 +
:'''[[GitHub Tips]]'''
  
−
    '''usermod''' – modify a user account
+
:[[Ubuntu|<span style="color:#000000; background:#D0DD27">&nbsp;&nbsp;'''Ubuntu'''&nbsp;&nbsp;</span>]]
 +
:[[Computers -- Mac and Apple|<span style="color:#000000; background:#D0DD27">&nbsp;&nbsp;'''Computers — Mac and Apple'''&nbsp;&nbsp;</span>]]
 +
:[[Computers|<span style="color:#000000; background:#D0DD27">&nbsp;&nbsp;'''Computers — Windows'''&nbsp;&nbsp;</span>]]
 +
:[[Infrastructure at PPM|<span style="color:#000000; background:#D0DD27">&nbsp;&nbsp;'''Infrastructure at PPM'''&nbsp;&nbsp;</span>]]
 +
:[[Raspberry Pi|<span style="color:#ffffff; background:#864199">&nbsp;&nbsp;'''Raspberry Pi'''&nbsp;&nbsp;</span>]]
  
−
    '''who''' – print effective user ID
+
==Hand-Curated Links==
 +
Links to member-recommended external sites:
 +
:'''[[wikipedia:List_of_free_and_open-source_software_packages|List of free and open-source software packages]]''' — on Wikipedia
 +
:'''[https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/powershell/scripting/learn/more-powershell-learning?view=powershell-7.4 PowerShell learning resources]''' — on learn.Microsoft.com
  
−
    '''whoami''' – print the user name
+
==For Additional Help==
 +
:Use the PPM Slack channel #computing
 +
:[[How To Slack#PPM Channel Names and Descriptions|'''List of all PPM Slack channels''']]
 +
:Note that we have a Slack channel (#job-board) for members to post, discuss, or accept job opportunities either within PPM or from the&nbsp;community.<br>
 +
{{Template:Footer}}
 +
{{Template:Ideas into reality}}
 +
<p style="padding:0.2em 0.4em; background:#ff6c00; color:#FFFFFF; font-size:15%;"> &nbsp; </p>
 +
[[Category:Software]]

Latest revision as of 17:26, 6 May 2024

Level 1 badge used at Pikes Peak Makerspace

Learn about the software that we have installed for all our members at Pikes Peak Makerspace (PPM).

Use of software installed on PPM computers does not require any additional required training (Level 1).


 


Welcome banner

Linux Tools for Beginners

Command Line

    apropos – search the manual page names and descriptions

    clear – clear the terminal screen

    code – launch Visual Studio Code (macOS)

    echo – display a line of text

    help – list of shell commands

    history – track input from the user a line at a time

    info – read the info documents

    man – interface to the on-line reference manuals

    say – convert text to audible speech

    scrot – command line screen capture utility

    whatis – display one-line manual page descriptions

File and Directory Management

    alias – define or display aliases

    cd – change the current directory

    chown – change file owner and group

    cp – copy files and directories

    dd – convert and copy a file

    dir – list directory contents

    file – determine file type

    git – fast, scalable, distributed revision control system

    ls – list directory contents

    mkdir – make directories

    mv – move (rename) files

    pwd – print working directory

    rm – remove files or directories

    scp – secure copy

    touch – change file timestamps

    which – locate a program file in the user's path

File Editing

    awk – pattern scanning and text processing language

    cut – remove sections from each line of files

    geany – a small and lightweight IDE (Raspberry Pi)

    gzip – compress or expand files

    nano – Nano's ANOther editor, an enhanced free Pico clone

    open – open files and directories

    pandoc – universal document converter

    scratch – easy to use interactive programming environment (Raspberry Pi)

    sed – stream editor

    tar – manipulate tape archives

    unzip – list, test and extract compressed files in a ZIP archive

    vim – Vi IMproved, a programmers text editor

File Transfer

    curl – transfer a URL

    wget – non-interactive download of files

File Viewing

    cat – concatenate and print files

    diff – compare 2 files line by line

    find – search for files in a directory hierarchy

    grep – print lines that match patterns

    head – output the first part of files

    jq – lightweight and flexible command-line JSON processor

    less – opposite of more

    look – display lines beginning with a given string

    more – page through text one screenful at a time

    tail – output the last part of files

    wc – word counts, and line and byte counts

    zgrep – search compressed files

Math Functions

    bc – basic calculator

    dc – RPN “Desktop Calculator”

    log – natural logarithmic function

    mathematica – open the app (Raspberry Pi)

    sin – sine function

Network Config

    ifconfig – configure network interface parameters

    ss – utility to investigate sockets

    ssh – OpenSSH SSH client (remote login program)

Network Monitoring

    ping – send ICMP ECHO_REQUEST packets to network hosts

    nc – arbitrary TCP and UDP connections and listens

    netstat – show network status

    traceroute – print the route packets take to network host

Package Managers

    apt – APT package handling utility

    apt-get – APT package handling utility

    dnf – for Fedora, (successor to YUM)

    dpkg – for Debian

    homebrew – for macOS or Linux

    rpm – for Red Hat and CentOS

    snap – for Ubuntu

    yum – for Fedora (Yellowdog Updater Modified)

    zypper – for OpenSUSE

Process Management

    bg – run a job/process in the background

    fg – run a job/process in the foreground

    halt – halt, power-off or reboot the machine

    htop – human readable table of processes

    jobs – list all jobs; active, stopped, or otherwise

    kill – terminate or signal a process

    killall – kill processes by name

    ps – process status

    pstree – display a tree of processes

    reboot – halt, power-off or reboot the machine

    shutdown – halt, power-off or reboot the machine

    sudo – execute a command as another user

    tmux – terminal multiplexer

    top – table of processes

System Info

    arch – print machine hardware name (architecture)

    date – print or set the system date and time

    df – display free disk space

    du – display disk usage statistics

    fc-list – list available fonts  (Raspberry Pi)

    free – display amount of free and used memory in the system

    hostname – show or set the system's host name

    lsblk – list block devices

    lscpu – list information about the CPU architecture

    lshw – list hardware

    lsusb – list USB devices

    time – get time in seconds

    uname – print operating system name

    uptime – print up time and load

User and Group Management

    groupadd – create a new group

    groupdel – delete a group

    groups – show group memberships

    id – return user identity

    passwd – modify a user's password

    useradd – create a new user or update default new user info

    userdel – delete a user account and related files

    usermod – modify a user account

    who – print effective user ID

    whoami – print the user name

Classes

PPM announces its Upcoming events, including classes, on Meetup

Training

Links to external sites — Cheatography.com

44 Ubuntu Cheat Sheets

Bash Cheat Sheets

Related Pages

Links to related PPM Wiki pages:

GitHub Tips
  Ubuntu  
  Computers — Mac and Apple  
  Computers — Windows  
  Infrastructure at PPM  
  Raspberry Pi  

Hand-Curated Links

Links to member-recommended external sites:

List of free and open-source software packages — on Wikipedia
PowerShell learning resources — on learn.Microsoft.com

For Additional Help

Use the PPM Slack channel #computing
List of all PPM Slack channels
Note that we have a Slack channel (#job-board) for members to post, discuss, or accept job opportunities either within PPM or from the community.

PPM Tool Color Map — Interactive

Search the PPM Wiki — include both Content pages and Multimedia

Contact Us if you cannot find your answer here on our Wiki or if you notice any info that is outdated.

Pikes Peak Makerspace (PPM) is dedicated to supporting our maker community in their creative processes by providing shared space, shared tools, materials, software and a knowledge base to turn their ideas into reality.

 

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